摘要:
The invention concerns a fuel cell (2) of the type comprising an anode (12) and a cathode (10), between which is interposed an electrolyte (18). Solid bodies (20) storing a hydrogen mass, capable of being decomposed by combustion, are associated with pyrotechnic means (24, 26) to release the hydrogen and contact it with the anode (12). Means (38) tap ambient air to bring it into contact with the cathode (10). The ignition of the pyrotechnic means (24, 26) is subjected to addressing means (28) integrated in the appliance (2). The water surplus produced by the exchange between hydrogen and oxygen is absorbed by the rise in temperature induced by the combustion of the bodies (20). The solid bodies (20) are supported by an interchangeable card (22).
摘要:
The invention concerns a lithium battery operating between 1.8 volts and 4.3 volts and comprising a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a positive electrode characterised in that said positive electrode comprises as active material, and before it has been subjected to a particular charging or discharging operation, a manganese oxide containing lithium or extra lithium having a spine structure obtainable by a preparation method comprising the following three steps performed successively or simultaneously: preparing a lithium alkoxide solution by dissolving metal lithium in the corresponding alcohol, said alcohol being selected among the alcohols derived from linear or branched alkanes containing at least 3 carbon atoms, the alcohols derived from unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and their mixtures; adding a manganese oxide powder to said lithium alkoxide solution to obtain a dispersion; controlled reduction of said manganese oxide by said alkoxide until a manganese oxide containing lithium or extra lithium having a stoichiometry Li: Metal is obtained. Said method further comprises the following steps: evaporating the residual alcohol; washing the resulting powder; drying the powder; optionally, an additional step of heat treatment after drying.
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for making transition metal oxide containing lithium or extra lithium comprising the three following steps performed successively or simultaneously: Preparing a lithium alkoxide solution by dissolving metal lithium in corresponding alcohol, said alcohol being selected among alcohols derived from linear or branched alkanes containing at least 3 carbon atoms, the alcohols derived from unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and their mixtures; adding a transition metal oxide powder to said lithium alkoxide solution to obtain a dispersion; controlled reduction of said transition metal oxide by said lithium alkoxide until a transition metal oxide containing lithium or extra lithium is obtained having a specific stoichiometry Li:Metal; Said method further consists in the following steps: evaporating the residual alcohol; washing the resulting powder; drying the powder.
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for making a fuel cell comprising a step which consists in producing a plurality of holes (10) in at least two supports (9), each hole is in the seat of an elementary battery cell, said holes having a particular geometry, such as a truncated shape or a truncated pyramidal shape. The various elementary cells are then electrically connected through electrical connection networks (11, 12) and supplied by a network of reagents, the assembly consisting of a support (9), cells and networks constituting the base module (9'). Finally, it consists in assembling at least two base modules (9'), the elementary cells of each base module being arranged opposite the elementary cells of the adjacent base module(s).
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for making transition metal oxide containing lithium or extra lithium comprising the three following steps performed successively or simultaneously: Preparing a lithium alkoxide solution by dissolving metal lithium in corresponding alcohol, said alcohol being selected among alcohols derived from linear or branched alkanes containing at least 3 carbon atoms, the alcohols derived from unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and their mixtures; adding a transition metal oxide powder to said lithium alkoxide solution to obtain a dispersion; controlled reduction of said transition metal oxide by said lithium alkoxide until a transition metal oxide containing lithium or extra lithium is obtained having a specific stoichiometry Li:Metal; Said method further consists in the following steps: evaporating the residual alcohol; washing the resulting powder; drying the powder.
摘要:
The invention relates to a secure electronic device comprising: at least one electronic circuit (10) containing information that is to be protected; an energy source (11); at least one sensor (12, 13, 14) for measuring a physical variable and for providing a value which is representative of said variable; means (15, 16, 17) for comparing each value to at least one predetermined threshold (ref1, ref2, ref3) delivering result signals; a device (20) for protecting information, comprising means for controlling the destruction of at least one part of the circuit by pyrotechnical means (27); a logical, decision-taking device (21) which can activate the protection device in the light of the result signals; igniting means (31) for activating a local or total pyrotechnic micro-charge (30), with the aid of the electrical energy stocked in the energy source, in a permanent manner.
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for making a fuel cell comprising a step which consists in producing a plurality of holes (10) in at least two supports (9), each hole is in the seat of an elementary battery cell, said holes having a particular geometry, such as a truncated shape or a truncated pyramidal shape. The various elementary cells are then electrically connected through electrical connection networks (11, 12) and supplied by a network of reagents, the assembly consisting of a support (9), cells and networks constituting the base module (9'). Finally, it consists in assembling at least two base modules (9'), the elementary cells of each base module being arranged opposite the elementary cells of the adjacent base module(s).
摘要:
The invention concerns lithium-containing manganese oxides of formula LixMn1-yMeyO2+δ.nH2O wherein: Me represents a transition metal, and x, y, δ and n are such that: 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.7; 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.5; 0.1 ≤ δ ≤ 0.25; 0 ≤ n ≤ 0.6 having a tetragonal and hexagonal structure. Said oxides can be used as positive electrode material in lithium cell batteries on account of their high capacity which remains stable during several cycles.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及式LixMn1-yMeyO2 +增量.nH2O worin的氧化锰的含锂:ME darstellt过渡金属,并且x,y,δ和n被寻求的是:0.4 = X = 0.7; 0 = Y = 0.5; 0.1 =增量 = 0点25分; 0 = N = 0.6具有四方和六边形结构。 所述氧化物可被用作锂电池电池正极材料由于其高容量的哪个期间几个周期保持稳定。
摘要:
The invention relates to a secure electronic device comprising: at least one electronic circuit (10) containing information that is to be protected; an energy source (11); at least one sensor (12, 13, 14) for measuring a physical variable and for providing a value which is representative of said variable; means (15, 16, 17) for comparing each value to at least one predetermined threshold (ref1, ref2, ref3) delivering result signals; a device (20) for protecting information, comprising means for controlling the destruction of at least one part of the circuit by pyrotechnical means (27); a logical, decision-taking device (21) which can activate the protection device in the light of the result signals; igniting means (31) for activating a local or total pyrotechnic micro-charge (30), with the aid of the electrical energy stocked in the energy source, in a permanent manner.
摘要:
The invention relates to a miniature fuel cell base module comprising micro-volumes which are traversed by one of two reactants. The inventive base module comprises a large functional surface for a relatively small overall surface. Said module consists mainly of numerous micro-volumes (10, 110) which are positioned inside a closed space between lower (1), upper (2) and lateral (3) sides. The wall of each micro-volume is covered with a layer which forms the electrodes/membrane base element. A first reactant is circulated inside the micro-volumes (10, 110) while a second reactant is circulated between the micro-volumes (10, 110). The space between the micro-volumes (10, 110) can optionally be filled with a porous material in order to make the assembly rigid. The invention is suitable for small fuel cells.