摘要:
The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a flowing medium, in particular the blood flowing in an extracorporeal blood circulation (I), for the presence of air, in particular microbubbles. The basic principle of the method and the device according to the invention is that a sequence of signal pulses or a continuous signal is injected into the flowing medium and the signal pulses or continuous signal leaving the flowing medium is/are received. For this purpose, the device preferably has an ultrasonic transmitter (19) and an ultrasonic receiver (20). To detect microbubbles, a signal pattern that is characteristic of the variation over time of the received signal pulses or the continuous signal in a predetermined period of time is extracted from the signal received. The characteristic signal pattern is compared with one or more characteristic reference patterns, the presence of air bubbles being concluded if the characteristic signal pattern deviates from the characteristic reference pattern by a predetermined amount. Statistical characteristic variables, in particular the variance, are preferably determined from the signal patterns and compared with one another.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a reverse-osmosis system with an apparatus for reducing noise in the reverse-osmosis system, wherein the apparatus has at least one sensor for detecting at least one noise which is emitted by the reverse-osmosis system, at least one controller, which is connected to the sensor, for evaluating the signals received by the sensor, and also at least one actuator which is connected to the controller, wherein the actuator is designed in such a way that it generates an acoustic signal or a vibration by means of which the noise produced by the reverse-osmosis system is damped or eliminated.
摘要:
The invention relates to a container for dialysis concentrates, in particular dry acid concentrates. If these dry concentrates are dissolved by the dialysis machine directly to liquid concentrates, these containers have to provide a volume of 4-12 1itres. To give this container the required stability, it has integral support elements, which perform their support function only during use of the container on the dialysis machine.