摘要:
[Object] An organic electroluminescent device having a capping layer composed of material having a high refractive index that involves only small differences in refractive indices measured in the blue, green, and red wavelength regions, excelling in thin film stability and durability and having no absorption in the respective wavelength ranges of blue, green, and red is provided to improve device characteristics of the organic electroluminescent device, particularly to greatly improve the coupling-out efficiency. [Means of Realizing the Object] The organic electroluminescent device includes at least an anode, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, a cathode, and a capping layer in this order, wherein the capping layer contains a phthalic acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1)
摘要:
Disclosed are: an oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide mixture which is a mixture of an oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide represented by the general formula (1) wherein m is 8 and an oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide represented by the general formula (1) wherein m is an integer other than 8; an oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide represented by the general formula (1) wherein m is 8; a charge controlling agent comprising the oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide mixture or the oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide as an active ingredient; and a toner comprising the charge controlling agent, a coloring agent and a binder resin. The charge controlling agent is particularly useful for the preparation of a color toner. The charge controlling agent can increase the rate of charge rise, has a high charge amount and excellent charging properties including excellent environmental stability, and have no problem in the restriction on waste disposal and therefore has good safety. (1) wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 4 to 9; and n is 1 or 2.