摘要:
According to the method of the invention, a spot on a layer (3) of a 2D semiconductor material deposited on a support substrate (2;20,21) is irradiated so as to generate excitons, so that photons are emitted from the layer. The photoluminescence spectrum is recorded and this is repeated for different values of the charge carrier concentration in the layer. The modulation of the charge carrier concentration may be realized by modulating the output power of the light source (1) used to irradiate the sample, preferably a laser. The relation is thereby recorded between the ratio of the photoluminescence intensity of a first peak in the spectrum related to radiative recombination from indirect bandgaps to the intensity of a second peak in the spectrum related to radiative recombination from direct bandgaps, and the carrier concentration. This recorded relation is fitted to a theoretical model of the ratio that takes into account multiple recombination mechanisms, radiative and non-radiative. From this fitting process, the trap density within the bandgap is derived. The invention is equally related to an apparatus configured to perform the method of the invention.
摘要:
According to an aspect of the present inventive concept there is provided method for releasing a graphene layer from a template substrate on which the graphene layer is provided, the method comprising: subjecting the graphene layer and the template substrate to a water treatment by soaking the graphene layer and the template substrate in water such that water is intercalated between the template substrate and the graphene layer; and subjecting the graphene layer and the template substrate to a delamination process, thereby releasing the graphene layer from the template substrate.
摘要:
An improved reaction chamber and chamber cleaning process are disclosed able to remove water residues by making use of noble-gas plasma reactions. The chamber is easy to operate and the method is easily applicable and may be combined with standard cleaning procedure. A noble-gas plasma (e.g. He) that emits high energy EUV photons (E>20 eV) which is able to destruct water molecules forming electronically excited oxygen atoms is used to remove the adsorbed water.