摘要:
Bei einem maskenlosen Verfahren zur selektiven chemischen oder elektrochemischen abtragenden Oberflächenbearbeitung erfolgt die Abtragung vorzugsweise in Gebieten (24), wohin elektromagnetische Strahlung (22) scharf gebündelt gerichtet wird. Die Aetzrate kann gegenüber herkömmlichen Verfahren um den Faktor 10 3 bis 10 4 verbessert werden. Dadurch wird die Verwendung einer Maske überflüssig.
摘要:
Selektives elektrodenloses Plattieren erfolgt in solchen Gebieten (24) der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks, wo scharf gebündelte elektromagnetische Strahlung (22) einen Brennfleck mit einer Energiedichte zwischen 10 2 und 10 6 W/cm 2 erzeugt. Die Ausfällungsrate wird in diesen Gebieten um einen Faktor von 10' bis 10' gegenüber der Plattierung von Hintergrundgebieten gesteigert. Dieser Kontrast ermöglicht die Herstellung von Mustern hoher Auflösung, womit die Anwendung einer Maske unnötig wird.
摘要翻译:选择性化学镀在工件的表面,其中锐聚焦的电磁辐射(22)10 2和10之间<6> W / cm 2的功率密度产生的焦斑的这样的区域(24)中进行。 沉淀速率在这些区域通过的10 3倍增加到10 <4>相比的背景区域的镀覆。 这种对比使得能够生产的高分辨率图案,由此掩模的应用是不必要的。
摘要:
A management system for a vehicle having a commodity storage region and traveling along a path having a plurality of geographically-distributed commodity replenishing stations, includes a sensor for measuring a level of the commodity in the storage region and providing commodity level data. A global positioning system (GPS) determines a location of the vehicle along the path. A controller stores a record of current geographical locations of the commodity replenishing stations and current commodity prices thereat, and calculates commodity replenishing schedules of the vehicle at the replenishing stations based on an output from each of the GPS and the sensor, and a commodity price at least some of the replenishing stations.
摘要:
Pulse light is applied through a piano concave lens (14) to a thin metal film (15), which is evaporated on the concave side of the lens. The lens, which is formed of a high thermally insulating material such as glass, for example, and the film are disposed within a liquid (11) such as water, for example. The pulsed light is absorbed by the metal film, which converts the thermal energy produced by the pulsed light into elastic waves in the form of acoustic waves and simultaneously focuses the acoustic waves on an ojbect (20) within the water at a selected focal plane. The metal film is as thin as possible, consistent with complete absorption of the light energy by the metal film, so as to utilize the high thermal expansion coefficient of the water.
摘要:
A management system for a vehicle having a commodity storage region and traveling along a path having a plurality of geographically-distributed commodity replenishing stations, includes a sensor for measuring a level of the commodity in the storage region and providing commodity level data. A global positioning system (GPS) determines a location of the vehicle along the path. A controller stores a record of current geographical locations of the commodity replenishing stations and current commodity prices thereat, and calculates commodity replenishing schedules of the vehicle at the replenishing stations based on an output from each of the GPS and the sensor, and a commodity price at least some of the replenishing stations.