摘要:
A process for easily producing with high uniformity a transparent conductive film composed mainly of zinc oxide that exhibits high transmission and low resistance and has excellent surface configuration by the use of an inexpensive dilution gas; and a process for producing a tandem thin-film photoelectric converter in which the above process is included. There is provided a process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising, while introducing an organic zinc, a dilution gas and an oxidizer into a film forming chamber, forming a transparent conductive film composed mainly of zinc oxide on a substrate disposed in the film forming chamber, characterized in that the dilution gas is hydrogen. As hydrogen has a high thermal conductivity and is cheap, there can be provided a transparent conductive film of low cost excelling in performance.
摘要:
A developing roller employed in a developer in which toner carried on the surface of the roller which is or not brought into contact with a photosensitive element is supplied at least onto the photosensitive element, and which is incorporated in an apparatus of electrophotography type such as a printer, a copier, or a facsimile machine. A conductive elastic layer is provided around a conuctive shaft and the outer circumference is covered with a surface layer which is made of resin composition whose contact angle is more than 35 DEG when measured using a liquid whose main component is similar to the resin component of the toner as a dripped liquid. Filming does not occur, the initial image density is good and the toner crackings are reduced.