摘要:
An implantable medical lead for use with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, a method of manufacture and a system employing the lead and cardioverter/defibrillator in combination. The lead is provided with an elongated insulative lead body carrying cardioversion/defibrillation electrode, which includes a first portion displaying essentially equal attenuation of positive and negative voltage pulses and a second portion displaying differential attenuation of positive and negative voltage pulses. The cardioverter/defibrillator provides a biphasic pulse in which a higher amplitude phase of the pulse is differentially attenuated by the electrode. The electrode is fabricated in whole or in part of a valve metal such as tantalum, anodized and annealed to provide a thick, durable oxide coating.
摘要:
An implantable medical device lead having an integral biostable in-sutu grown oxide insulation and process for forming that includes a lead body extending from a proximal end to a distal end, and a plurality of conductor wires electrically coupling the proximal end and the distal end of the lead body, with one or more of the plurality of conductor wires being formed of a material having a chemically modifiable surface for producing an insulating oxide layer thereon. An insulation layer corresponding to the native oxide layer is formed about the one or more of the plurality of conductor wires.
摘要:
Selective sensing implantable medical leads include pulsing and sensing portions and pulsing and not sensing portion. Leads and electrodes may be used in defibrillation and as integrated bipolar defibrillation electrodes. An entire electrode can pass charge while a valve metal or valve metal oxide portion of the electrode prevents the entire electrode from sensing, effectively rejecting unwanted signals. Differential conduction pathways, due to the valve metal and/or oxides thereof, cause the portions of the electrodes to conduct differently when used anodically and cathodically. Complex intracardiac electrical gradient can be formed along with a number of virtual electrodes within the tissue. Reentrant loops can thereby be pinned following defibrillation shock.
摘要:
Electrodes include a coating that provides a barrier to fluids and ions within a biological environment. The coating increases the overpotential of the electrode. The coating permits the introduction and use of the electrodes into biological environments without the detrimental complications of electro-chemical reactions typically present with the use of metal and metal-alloy electrodes in such environments. The electrodes comprise: an electrically conductive substrate layer (101, 201, 301, 401, 612) an electrical conductor (103, 203, 303, 403) coupled to the conductive substrate layer, a coating layer (102, 202, 302, 402, 616) surrounding at least a portion of the substrate layer, wherein the coating layer provides an increased overpotential for the electrode in a fluid. Also disclosed are medical devices comprising such electrodes.
摘要:
This disclosure describes an implantable medical electrical lead and an ICD system utilizing the lead. The lead includes a lead body defining a proximal end and a distal portion, wherein at least a part of the distal portion of the lead body defines an undulating configuration. The lead includes a defibrillation electrode that includes a plurality of defibrillation electrode segments disposed along the undulating configuration spaced apart from one another by a distance. The lead also includes at least one electrode disposed between adjacent sections of the plurality of defibrillation sections. The at least one electrode is configured to deliver a pacing pulse to the heart and/or sense cardiac electrical activity of the heart.