摘要:
One aspect of the invention provides an ion-conducting membrane (20) comprising an ion-conducting region (33) and a non-ion-conducting region (35A, 35B). The ion-conducting region is formed by a plurality of ion-conducting passageways (27) that extend through the membrane. The passageways are filled with ion-conducting material (26) and may be surrounded by non-ion conducting material. The membrane may comprise a substrate (21) of non-ion-conducting material that is penetrated by openings (24), each opening providing a corresponding one of the passageways.