摘要:
A plant for temperature-controlled processing of food products, particularly milk or the like, comprises a storage tank (2) for the product under treatment, a product preheating section (3), a heat treatment unit (4) downstream of the preheating section (3), for reducing microbial load and a final product cooling section (5). The various portions of the system are interconnected by a hydraulic circuit (6). The heat treatment unit (4) comprises quick heating means of the indirect heat transfer and constant flow type, and the cooling section (5) comprises instant cooling means (7) including an expansion chamber (8) at pressure (Pe) higher than or equal to atmospheric pressure, to maintain the product flowing out of said expansion chamber (8) at a temperature (T6) close to the equilibrium temperature corresponding to such pressure (Pe).
摘要:
A vacuum apparatus for industrial hide driers with multiple beds (2) includes a circuit with an open end (17) having arranged in a series: a vapor manifold (7) for each bed; a first condenser (8) inserted in each manifold; a first condensate separator (10) at the output of the various condensers (8); a main vacuum pump (16) to gradually reduce the absolute pressure in the circuit to a first upper value (Ps). A particular feature of the system consists of the fact that it has a secondary aspiration device (19) which is arranged upstream of the main vacuum pump (16) to operate in series to this pump when the first value of the absolute pressure (Ps) is reached, so as to further reduce the pressure of the circuit to a second lower value (Pi). The upper value (Ps) of the absolute pressure is 40 to 100 mbar; the second lower value (P1) of the absolute pressure is 15 to 1 mbar. The device (19) is a high-capacity, low-head blower.
摘要:
The method includes the steps of: preheating a selected volume of product to a temperature proximate to the maximum temperature of the treatment; irradiating the product with an alternating electromagnetic field in order to heat the product to approximately 50°C; maintaining the product at a substantially constant temperature for a set time; cooling the product to a temperature close to the packaging temperature. An apparatus for performing the above method includes a pair of facing emitting surfaces (10,11) connected to the terminals of an oscillator (12) operating below 1 GHz and set to heat the product to a maximum temperature of approximately 50°C. The apparatus also includes a thermally insulated region to maintain the product at the maximum temperature of the treatment for a selected time adapted to ensure the complete destruction of the bacterial and sporal loads.
摘要:
Method for treating unpackaged biological liquids, particularly milk or its derivatives, having a microbacterial and spore content, comprising the following operative steps: (a) separating the biological liquid into a fatty fraction having a higher concentration of fatty matter and a non-fatty fraction having a lower concentration of fatty matter compared to the initial concentration; (b) heat treating the non-fatty fraction; (c) cooling the non-fatty fraction to a temperature close to the storage temperature (Tc); (d) preheating the fatty fraction to a predefined temperature (Ts); irradiating the fatty fraction with electromagnetic radiation for a predefined time (tirr); (f) cooling the fatty fraction to a temperature close to the storage temperature (Tc); (g) mixing the individually treated fractions so as to reconstitute said biological liquid. The electromagnetic radiation is in the range of radio-frequencies having frequencies of less than 1 GHz.
摘要:
A stabilised high vacuum drying installation for industrial hides and similar products includes a plurality of drying beds (2, 2', 2'') with heating platforms (3, 3', 3'') and hermetic covers (4, 4', 4''), vacuum means (7) connected to the drying beds to extract vapours coming from the hides and to reduce the pressure to minimum working values (Pi), a circuit with valve means (10, 10', 10''; 11, 11', 11'') to selectively connect the drying beds to the vacuum means. The valve means include, downstream of every drying bed, at least one cutoff valve (10, 10', 10'') for selectively connecting such bed, initially at atmospheric pressure, to the vacuum means (7), and at least one check valve (11, 11', 11'') for isolating automatically the remaining beds already at working pressure so as to avoid pressure oscillations in their interior. The vacuum means (7) include a primary vacuum pump (8) suitable to reduce the pressure in the circuit to a predetermined value (Ps) superior to the working minimum value (Pi) and a secondary vacuum pump (9) suitable to co-operate with the primary vacuum pump (8) to reduce the pressure in the circuit to the minimum working value (Pi).
摘要:
An apparatus for stacking flexible sheet-like products, such as industrial hides and similar objects, comprises a bearing frame (2) which supports a first movable surface (3) for the advancement of the products along a generally inclined direction (V), and a second movable surface (4) arranged at least partially under the first surface (3) for handling and unloading the products (P) on a gathering support (C, T). The second movable surface (4) is slidingly mounted on a carriage (7) vertically movable from a minimum height from the ground, while the first movable surface (3) is oscillably mounted on said frame structure (11) with its downward end connected to said carriage.
摘要:
The apparatus includes a main vacuum source (PA) that can be connected to a series of evaporation beds (1, 1', 1'') to product a negative pressure having a preset value in the beds, in steady-state operating conditions. There is a secondary vacuum source (PB) which is suitable to produce, in one bed at a time, a negative pressure which is close to the steady-state value, and there is a valve means to selectively connect each bed, which is initially at ambient pressure, first to the secondary vacuum source (PB) and then to the main vacuum source (PA), so as to eliminate substantial pressure variations in the remaining beds when each bed is connected to the main vacuum source. The valve means includes, for each bed, a first electric valve (4, 4', 4'') on a line for connection to the outside environment, a second electric valve (5, 5', 5'') on a line (3, 3', 3'') for connection to the secondary vacuum source (PB), and a third electric valve (6, 6', 6'') on a line (2, 2', 2'') for connection to the main vacuum source (PA). There is also a control unit (7) suitable to control the cyclic sequential opening and closure of the first, second and third electric valves of each bed.