摘要:
The present invention refers to a reference electrode for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, particularly to a reference electrode for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in an electrochemical cell at high and low frequencies from the MHz to the mHz range due to its lower internal impedance in comparison to commercial reference electrodes. A reference electrode for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in an electrochemical cell (18) filled with a measurement electrolyte (15) is disclosed, the reference electrode comprising a main probe (1) formed of a conductive metal and having a proximal and a distal end, wherein the distal end has a coating (7) with a salt of the metal of the main probe (1), wherein the proximal end of the main probe (1) extends to outside the reference electrode for being connected to a potentiostat to sense the potential; an inner compartment (3) adapted to accommodate an inner electrolyte (8); an outer compartment (4) isolated from and enclosing the inner compartment (3), and adapted to accommodate an outer electrolyte (10) separated from the inner electrolyte (8), wherein the outer compartment (4) is configured to be immersed in the measurement electrolyte (15) of the electrochemical cell (18), wherein the outer compartment (4) has an opening to provide a pathway for ion diffusion between the outer electrolyte (10) and the measurement electrolyte (15); and a frit (9) to separate the inner from the outer compartment (3, 4) and to provide a pathway for ion diffusion between the inner electrolyte (8) and the outer electrolyte (10); wherein the reference electrode further comprises an electrical bypass (13) including an electrical bypass probe (2) to bypass at least one pathway for ion diffusion.
摘要:
Internally calibrated pH and other analyte sensors based on redox agents provide more accurate results when the redox active reference agent is in a constant chemical environment, yet separated from the solution being analyzed in such a way as to maintain electrical contact with the sample. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) can be used to achieve these results when used as a salt bridge between the reference material and the sample being analyzed. The RTIL provides the constant chemical environment and ionic strength for the redox active material (RAM) and provides an electrolytic layer that limits or eliminates direct chemical interaction with the sample. A broad range of RAMs can be employed in a variety of configurations in such “Analyte Insensitive Electrode” devices.
摘要:
A sensing electrode for sensing a predetermined gas component of a measurement gas, which is provided in a mixed-potential gas sensor that measures the concentration of the predetermined gas component, is formed of a cermet containing a noble metal and an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte. The noble metal comprises Pt and Au. An Au abundance ratio, which is an area ratio of a portion covered with Au to a portion at which Pt is exposed in a surface of noble metal particles forming the sensing electrode, is 0.3 or more.
摘要:
A reference electrode (600) for being immersed in a bulk solution. The reference electrode comprises a reservoir (650) having reservoir walls defining a reservoir volume filled with an electrolyte; an electrode (620) in the reservoir, in contact with the electrolyte. The reservoir (650) of the reference electrode is closed except for the presence of at least one pore (651) in at least one of the reservoir walls, the at least one pore (651) being filled with electrolyte and being adapted for allowing ionic contact between the electrolyte in the reservoir and the bulk solution into which the reference electrode is to be immersed.
摘要:
Matrix materials such polymers derivatives to contain a redox active material can be used to form electrodes and probes suitable for use in pH meters and other analyte sensing devices.
摘要:
Matrix materials such polymers derivatives to contain a redox active material can be used to form electrodes and probes suitable for use in pH meters and other analyte sensing devices.