摘要:
A method of hiding data comprising creating a histogram of an attribute of a first data set. The histogram includes occurrences of the attribute. Two adjacent occurrences are selected where a count of one of the two adjacent occurrences is zero. A second data set is embedded in data of the first data set associated with the selected adjacent occurrences.
摘要:
A signal processor has an input for receiving an information signal representing material, for example video or audio material. The signal processor is arranged to apply to the material a modification defined by a predetermined algorithm. The modification is perceptible in the material so as to impair the material, the perceptibility of the impairment varying in a predetermined manner in the material.
摘要:
A system and method are disclosed which may include subjecting an original, pixel domain image to an Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) to obtain a matrix of IWT coefficients; selecting a plurality of the IWT coefficients for incorporation of information therein; and setting signs for the plurality of selected IWT coefficients according to bit values of a plurality of respective data bits. The system and method can also include subjecting a marked pixel domain image to an Integer Wavelet Transform to obtain a matrix of wavelet coefficients; selecting a plurality of the coefficients from the matrix that contain embedded information; and for each selected coefficient, extracting the data bit embedded in the coefficient, a bit value of the extracted data bit determined based on a sign of the coefficient.
摘要:
An image processing apparatus embeds information into image data without an overhead. The image processing apparatus includes a selection unit (41) for selecting some of the pixels forming the image data. A changing unit (42) embeds the information into the pixels selected by the selection unit (41) by swapping the bits of the values of the selected pixels according to the information.
摘要:
When creating a marker, an encryption apparatus extracts each pixel value in a region and allows a storing unit to save, as restoration information, the high-order bits of each extracted pixel value. Then, the encryption apparatus creates a marker by changing the high-order bits of the pixel value in a region in which the marker is created and embeds encrypted information in an encrypted region specified by the marker. When decoding the encrypted information, a decoding apparatus detects the marker from a digital image, decodes the encrypted information in the encrypted region specified by the maker, and overwrites bits contained in the restoration information with the high-order bits of the pixel value of the marker.
摘要:
A scannerless range imaging system employs a technique for embedding digital data into its image output in a manner that allows exact recovery of its associated images. The range imaging system captures (a) a plurality of phase images of reflected modulated illumination, wherein each image incorporates a phase delay term corresponding to the distance of objects in the scene from the range imaging system, together with a phase offset term unique for each image, and (b) at least one intensity image of reflected unmodulated illumination, and then generates an image bundle of associated images including the plurality of phase images and the intensity image. Meta-data is embedded into the image bundle by a) forming a digital message from the meta-data, b) converting the digital message to embedded data, and c) adding the embedded data to each phase image in the image bundle, pixel by pixel, without changing the phase term in each of the phase images, thereby allowing exact reconstruction of range information from the phase images without having to extract the embedded data.
摘要:
A spatial domain image I produced by a source 1 is combined with watermark data Ri to produce a spatial domain watermarked image I'. The watermarked image is produced by an embedder 3 according to the equationCi'=Ci + α. Ri where Ci and Ci' are wavelet transform coefficients of the image, and α is a scaling factor, α is chosen so that the watermark is imperceptible in the image and to resist removal of the watermark by unauthorised processing. It is desirable that α has the smallest value which achieves that. If α is too big the watermark is perceptible in the image; if it is too small the mark may not survive processing of the image. α is determined from a trial decoding of the image I in a decoder 4. The decoding is that which would be used to decode the watermarked image I'. A value α' is produced by a calculator S3-S8, to which an offset value is added by an adder S9 to produce α. This produces values of α over the image, which are used to scale the data Ri so as to conceal the data. An image is one example of material to which the invention is applicable. The step of producing modified coefficient values C i may not use coefficients of magnitude greater than a threshold T and does not use corresponding information symbols R i . Alternatively, a threshold T clip may be set. The scaling factor α is calculated using clipped coefficient values and coefficients C i of magnitude less than T clip .
摘要:
A spatial domain image I produced by a source 1 is combined with watermark data Ri to produce a spatial domain watermarked image I'. The watermarked image is produced by an embedder 3 according to the equation Ci'=Ci + α. Ri
where Ci and Ci' are wavelet transform coefficients of the image, and α is a scaling factor, α is chosen so that the watermark is imperceptible in the image and to resist removal of the watermark by unauthorised processing. It is desirable that α has the smallest value which achieves that. If α is too big the watermark is perceptible in the image; if it is too small the mark may not survive processing of the image. α is determined from a trial decoding of the image I in a decoder 4. The decoding is that which would be used to decode the watermarked image I'. A value α' is produced by a calculator S3-S8, to which an offset value is added by an adder S9 to produce α. This produces values of α over the image, which are used to scale the data Ri so as to conceal the data. An image is one example of material to which the invention is applicable.
The step of producing modified coefficient values C i may not use coefficients of magnitude greater than a threshold T and does not use corresponding information symbols R i . Alternatively, a threshold T clip may be set. The scaling factor α is calculated using clipped coefficient values and coefficients C i of magnitude less than T clip .
摘要:
A method is provided which comprises providing a block of IWT (integer wavelet transform) coefficients for preferably one high frequency sub-band of an image; determining a mean value of said coefficients within said block; and establishing an encoded mean value to embed one of a logical-0 bit value and a logical-1 bit into said first block.