摘要:
The deposition of calcium salts, including calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate and the formation of foam, during the evaporation of sugar streams can be prevented or restricted by adding 0.1 - 200 ppm of a carboxyalkylfructan that contains 0.5 - 3 carboxyl groups per monosaccharide unit, 0.4 - 2.5 of which carboxyl groups are in the form of carboxyalkyl groups, to the sugar streams. The carboxyalkyl groups are, in particular, carboxymethyl groups. The other carboxyl groups can be carboxyl groups obtained by oxidation. The carboxymethylfructan gives comparable results to polyacrylates, which are less desirable from the standpoint of health and the environment.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for minimizing evaporator scaling during the recovery of liquids and solids from the aqueous effluent discharged during a partial oxidation gasification from a gasifier (16), wherein the aqueous effluent contains ammonium chloride. The aqueous effluent is evaporated in an evaporator (106) to produce a distillate water line (110) and a line containing brine (112) with a brine concentration of about 10 to 60 weight percent. The brine can be further concentrated and ammonium chloride crystals are recovered. The distillate is recycled to the gasification reaction. No effluent discharges to the environment.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for minimizing evaporator scaling during the recovery of liquids and solids from the aqueous effluent discharged during a partial oxidation gasification from a gasifier (16), wherein the aqueous effluent contains ammonium chloride. The aqueous effluent is evaporated in an evaporator (106) to produce a distillate water line (110) and a line containing brine (112) with a brine concentration of about 10 to 60 weight percent. The brine can be further concentrated and ammonium chloride crystals are recovered. The distillate is recycled to the gasification reaction. No effluent discharges to the environment.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for minimizing evaporator scaling during the recovery of liquids and solids from the aqueous effluent discharged during a partial oxidation gasification from a gasifier (16), wherein the aqueous effluent contains ammonium chloride. The aqueous effluent is evaporated in an evaporator (106) to produce a distillate water line (110) and a line containing brine (112) with a brine concentration of about 10 to 60 weight percent. The brine can be further concentrated and ammonium chloride crystals are recovered. The distillate is recycled to the gasification reaction. No effluent discharges to the environment.
摘要:
Um Ablagerungen in Anlagen zur Eindampfung von Sulfitablaugen zu unterbinden und die Eindampfkapazität zu erhöhen wird in der Eingangsstufe (8) der mehrstufigen Eindampfung kontinuierlich eine wäßrige Lösung von niedermolekularer Polyacrylsäure und mindestens in einer weiteren Stufe (9) der mehrstufigen Eindampfung eine wäßrige Lösung eines Copolymerisats aus sulfoniertem Styrol und Maleinsäurenhydrid oder eine wäßrige Lösung von niedermolekularer Polyacrylsäure der Sulfitablauge zugesetzt.
摘要:
The deposition of calcium salts, including calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate and the formation of foam, during the evaporation of sugar streams can be prevented or restricted by adding 0.1 - 200 ppm of a carboxyalkylfructan that contains 0.5 - 3 carboxyl groups per monosaccharide unit, 0.4 - 2.5 of which carboxyl groups are in the form of carboxyalkyl groups, to the sugar streams. The carboxyalkyl groups are, in particular, carboxymethyl groups. The other carboxyl groups can be carboxyl groups obtained by oxidation. The carboxymethylfructan gives comparable results to polyacrylates, which are less desirable from the standpoint of health and the environment.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for removing a contaminant from a fluid feed stream containing the contaminant. The method includes the steps of providing a feed stream (10) and heating it in a first step (18) to at least partially remove some of the contaminants and recover energy from a concentrate and distillate generated. Further heating the feed stream in a second heating step (20) in a heated separator generates a saturated vapor fraction (30) and a concentrated liquid contaminant fraction. The vapor fraction (30) may be compressed (32) to generate a temperature differential in the reboiler exchanger (34) with the vapor fraction being passed into contact with a reboiler exchanger (34) to provide a stream of condensed vapor from the reboiler. The stream may be circulated through the reboiler exchanger (34) and the heated separator to maintain from about 1% to about 50% by mass vapor in the stream. The apparatus includes a unique configuration of a vapor compressor, heated separator in combination with a forced circulation (42,44,38) circuit to generate the decontamination result.
摘要:
Methods for controlling the formation of proteinaceous fouling deposits in high temperature evaporators and concentrators as employed e.g. in processing steepwater in the wet milling of corn. The methods comprise adding lecithin, or a long chain fatty acid to the steepwater in effective inhibiting amounts, e.g. an amount ranging from about 150 parts per million to about 500 parts per million steepwater.