摘要:
In a specific embodiment, this invention comprises a method for selecting highly targeted lead compounds for design of a drug that binds to a target molecule. The method comprises screening a diversity library against the target molecule of interest to pick the selectively binding members. Next the structure of the selected members is examined and a candidate pharmacophore responsible for the binding to the target molecule is determined. Next, preferably by REDOR nuclear magnetic resonance, several highly accurate interatomic distances are determined in certain of the selected members which are related to the candidate pharmacophore. A highly accurate consensus, configurational bias, Monte Carlo method determination of the structure of the candidate pharmacophore is made using the structure of the selected members and incorporating as constraints the shared selected members and incorporating as constraints the shared candidate phamacophore and the several measured distances. This determination is adapted to efficiently examine only relatively low energy configurations while respecting any structural constraints present in the organic diversity library. If the diversity library contains short peptides, the determination respects the known degrees of freedom of peptides as well as any internal constraints, such as those imposed by disulfide bridges. Finally, the highly accurate pharmacophore so determined is used to select lead organics for drug development targeted at the initial target molecule.
摘要:
Methods, systems and computer readable media for discovering a combination of treatments to reduce the progress of, or eliminate a tissue malady. Gene expression values of at least one sample of tissue exhibiting the tissue malady and at least one reference sample tissue that does not exhibit the malady are measured using at least one CGH array designed to measure gene sequences and possible variations in gene sequences attributable to the malady. Gene expression signatures are generated from differential expression values of ratios of the measured gene expression values between the at least one sample exhibiting the malady and the at least one reference sample, across all samples, respectively. The tissue samples exhibiting the malady are treated with a treatment, and a treatment-response value is measured with respect to each of the tissue samples treated, as effected by the treatment. A phenotypic signature representing the treatment-response values of each of the tissue samples treated is generated for characterizing the effects of the treatment on the tissues treated. Processing may be repeated with a different treatment at least once so that multiple phenotypic signatures have been generated for multiple treatments. A clustering operation is then based on the gene expression signatures of the differential expression levels and the phenotypic signatures of the treatment-response values together, and treatments are selected by identifying the treatment-response phenotypic signatures caused by those treatments, and which are clustered with gene expression signatures representing differential expression levels representative of the at least one tissue sample exhibiting the malady.
摘要:
A stage positioning device enabling a fine and stable positioning operation, comprising a stage (11) on which a sample (W) to which a beam (B) is applied, is placed, actuators (12a, 12b, 12c and 12d) which support the stage (11) in a noncontact and levitated state and control its movement, a first sensor (13) which measures relative displacement between the stage (11) and actuators (12a, 12b, 12c and 12d), a second sensor (36) which measures a relative displacement between an actual beam (B) application position and a target beam application position on the sample and a controller (15) which controls the movement of the stage so as to reduce the relative displacement detected by the sensor (36), wherein the stage is a magnetically levitated stage consisting of a levitation unit which has a table part on which the sample is placed and side plates hanging down from the outer circumference of the table part and a fixed unit which has the actuators which supports the levitation unit with the magnetic forces of magnets and, at the same time, controls the position of the levitation unit, and the fixed unit is covered with the table part and side plates of the levitation unit.
摘要:
An object of the present invention is to provide a micro-positioning apparatus to enable stable and rapid positioning of a stage on which specimen is placed. This apparatus is comprised by a stage (11) for placing a specimen (W) to be radiated with a beam (B), actuators (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) for levitating the stage and controlling a movement of the stage (11), a first position sensor (13) for measuring a relative displacement between the stage (11) and the actuators (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d), a second position sensor (36) for measuring a relative displacement between an actual radiation position of the beam on the specimen (W) and a target radiation position, and a controller (15) for positioning the stage so as to decrease the relative displacement detected by the second sensor (36).
摘要:
A molecular computer is formed by establishing arrays of spaced-apart input (12) and output pins (14) on opposing sides of a (10), injecting moleware (16) in solution into the containment and then allowing the moleware to bridge the input and output pins. Moleware includes molecular alligator clip-bearing 2-, 3-, and molecular 4-, or multi-terminal wires (30, 36, 40, respectively), carbon nanotube wires (80), molecular resonant tunneling diodes (32, 38), molecular switches (90), molecular controllers (42) that can be modulated via external electrical or magnetic fields, massive interconnect stations (44) based on single nanometer-sized particles, and dynamic and static random access memory (DRAM and SRAM) components composed of molecular controller/nanoparticle or fullerene hybrids (46). The current-voltage characteristics that result from the bridging between input and output arrays can be ascertained using another computer to identify the bundles of inputs and corresponding outputs that provide a truth table for the specific functions of the computer.
摘要:
A molecular computer is formed by establishing arrays of spaced-apart input (12) and output pins (14) on opposing sides of a (10), injecting moleware (16) in solution into the containment and then allowing the moleware to bridge the input and output pins. Moleware includes molecular alligator clip-bearing 2-, 3-, and molecular 4-, or multi-terminal wires (30, 36, 40, respectively), carbon nanotube wires (80), molecular resonant tunneling diodes (32, 38), molecular switches (90), molecular controllers (42) that can be modulated via external electrical or magnetic fields, massive interconnect stations (44) based on single nanometer-sized particles, and dynamic and static random access memory (DRAM and SRAM) components composed of molecular controller/nanoparticle or fullerene hybrids (46). The current-voltage characteristics that result from the bridging between input and output arrays can be ascertained using another computer to identify the bundles of inputs and corresponding outputs that provide a truth table for the specific functions of the computer.