摘要:
The present application relates to an apparatus and process for producing dimethyl carbonate, in particular a system (apparatus or process) for DMC synthesis without the need of using a dehydrating agent. More particularly, the feed mixture for the process can be selected from the following options: a) carbon monoxide, methanol and flue gas from the process, b) synthesis gas without CO 2 and flue gas from the process, c) synthesis gas with CO 2 and added synthesis gas from purified flue gas from the process. The process uses a catalyst cluster comprising a specific combination of different groups of heterogeneous catalysts wherein each group has a different function. Also the invention relates to an apparatus comprising a specific combination of heterogeneous catalysts for applying different routes to produce dimethyl carbonate from each feed mixture option, on continuous basis.
摘要:
Provided are a method for producing carbonate esters, and a catalytic structure for producing carbonate esters, whereby solid catalyst powder formation and detachment are suppressed and superior carbonate ester reaction efficiency is yielded when a catalytic structure constituted by a sufficient quantity of a cerium-oxide-containing solid catalyst supported on a substrate is used. The method for producing carbonate esters according to the present invention comprises a step for reacting a monohydric alcohol and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalytic structure and a hydrating agent. The catalytic structure comprises a substrate and a catalytic layer that is formed on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate and contains a solid catalyst and an inorganic binder. The solid catalyst contains cerium oxide. The supported quantity of the solid catalyst is 15 g/m 2 to 200 g/m 2 , inclusive. The inorganic binder contains silica and/or alumina.
摘要:
Catalysts and methods for making cyclic carbonates are disclosed. The catalyst may include at least one polymer quaternary ammonium salt, at least one metal halide and silica gel. The method of making the cyclic carbonates may include forming a mixture that includes the catalyst and an epoxide, and contacting the mixture with carbon dioxide in a reactor under conditions to form the propylene carbonate.
摘要:
A method and apparatus is provided for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and formic acid. One embodiment features a three-compartment reactor which houses: a gas compartment; a catholyte compartment, which contains a porous cathode having a tin-based catalyst; and an anolyte compartment, which contains an anode having a mixed metal oxide catalyst. Further embodiments include a method for depositing tin onto a porous cathode, tin-zinc cathodes, a reaction method using an acidic anolyte, and pulsed polarization to extend reactor runtimes.
摘要:
A process for producing a carbonic ester which comprises the steps of: (1) reacting an organometallic compound having a metal-oxygen-carbon bond with carbon dioxide to obtain a reaction mixture containing a carbonic ester formed by the reaction; (2) separating the carbonic ester from the reaction mixture to obtain a liquid residue; and (3) reacting the liquid residue with an alcohol to form an organometallic compound having a metal-oxygen-carbon bond and water, removing the water from the organometallic compound, and recovering the organometallic compound obtained in the step (3) in order to recycle it to the step (1).
摘要:
The present invention provides a process for producing : a compound represented by XOR 2 ; a dialkyl tin dialkoxide compound having one tin atom, two Sn-R 1 bonds and two Sn-OR 2 bonds; and/or a tetraalkyl dialkoxy distannoxane compound having one Sn-O-Sn bond, in which each tin atom of the tetraalkyl dialkoxy distannoxane compound has two Sn-R 1 bonds and one Sn-OR 2 bond, the process comprising reacting in the absence of a catalyst at least one alkyl tin compound selected from the group consisting of i) and ii) below: i) a dialkyl tin compound having one tin atom, two Sn-R 1 (wherein R 1 represents an alkyl group) bonds, and two Sn-OX bonds (wherein OX is a group in which HOX that is a conjugate acid of OX is a Bronsted acid having a pKa of from 0 to 6.8); and ii) a tetraalkyl distannoxane compound having one Sn-O-Sn bond, in which each tin atom of the tetraalkyl distannoxane compound has two Sn-R 1 bonds and one Sn-OX bond (wherein OX is a group in which HOX that is a conjugate acid of OX is a Bronsted acid having a pKa of from 0 to 6.8); and
a carbonic acid ester represented by R 2 OCOOR 2 (wherein R 2 represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon group having a saturated or unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon substituent, or a Y-CH 2 - group (wherein Y represents an alkyl polyalkylene group, an aromatic group or a cyclic saturated or unsaturated alkylene ether group)), and/or an alcohol represented by R 2 OH (wherein R 2 is the same as defined above).
摘要:
An economical catalyst for dimethyl carbonate synthesis is disclosed which has a high conversion rate under supercritical conditions of CO2 and can be handled easily. The catalyst for dimethyl carbonate synthesis is obtained by loading SO42- or PO43- on a carrier composed of a compound having a solid acid site, and used for producing dimethyl carbonate from acetone dimethyl acetal and CO2 in supercritical state. The compound having a solid acid site is preferably one or more of ZrO2, Al2O3 and TiO2.
摘要:
A method for producing an aromatic carbonate, comprising:
(1) performing a reaction between an organometal compound and carbon dioxide to obtain a reaction mixture containing a dialkyl carbonate formed by the reaction, (2) separating the dialkyl carbonate from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid, (3) reacting the residual liquid with an alcohol to form at least one organometal compound and form water and removing the water from the organometal compound, and (4) reacting the dialkyl carbonate separated in step (2) with an aromatic hydroxy compound to obtain an aromatic carbonate.