摘要:
An ion detection device has a strip of carbon-based nanomaterial (CNM) film and a chamber enclosing the CNM film. A low bias voltage is applied at the ends of the CNM film strip, and ions present in the chamber are detected by a change in the magnitude of current flowing through the CNM film under the bias. Also provided are methods for fabricating the device, methods for measuring pressure of a gas, and methods for monitoring or quantifying an ionizing radiation using the device.
摘要:
A method for gapping a ferrite core (10) by coating the core with a stabilizing material (32), fracturing the core with a laser beam (44) thereby creating one or more gaps (47) in the cores magnetic field, optionally opening the fracture to obtain a desired inductance, and then sealing the core.
摘要:
An electrode for an ionization chamber and an ionization chamber including an electrode are provided wherein the electrode comprises a substrate comprising a first material, and a plurality of nanowires extending from the substrate and manufactured by processing the first material of the substrate.
摘要:
An electron-emitting cathode (6) consists of an electrically conducting emitter layer (7) attached to a side wall (2) which consists of stainless steel and a gate (9) which is fixed at a mall distance inside a concave emitter surface of the emitter layer (7). The cathode (6) surrounds a reaction area (3) containing a cylindrical grid-like anode (5) and a central ion collector (4) which consists of a straight axial filament. An ion collector current (lie) reflecting the densitiy of the gas in the reaction region (3) is measured by a current meter (11) while a gate voltage (VG) is kept between the ground voltage of the emitter layer (7) and a higher anode voltage (VA) and is regulated in such a way that an anode current (IA) is kept constant. The emitter layer (7) may consists of carbon nanotubes, diamond-like carbon, a metal or a mixture of metals or a semiconductor material, e.g., silicon which may be coated, e.g., with carbide or molybdenum. The emitter surface can, however, also be a portion of the inside surface of the side wall roughened by, e.g., chemical etching. The gate (9) may be a grid or it may be made up of patches of metal film covering spacers distributed over the emitter area or a metal film covering an electron permeable layer placed on the emitter surface.
摘要:
An electron-emitting cathode (6) consists of an electricaly conducting emitter layer (7) attached to a side wall (2) and a gate (9) which is fixed at a mall distance inside a concave emitter surface of the emitter layer (7). The cathode (6) surrounds a reaction area (3) containing a cylindrical grid-like anode (5) and a central ion collector (4) which consists of a straight axial filament. An ion collector current (I IC ) reflecting the densitiy of the gas in the reaction region (3) is measured by a current meter (11) while a gate voltage (Vc) is kept between the ground voltage of the emitter layer (7) and a higher anode voltage (V A ) and is regulated in such a way that an anode current (T A ) is kept constant. The emitter layer (7) may comprise an array of metal, e.g., nickel or molybdenum tips or consist essentially of a semiconductor material like silicon, preferably coated by, e.g., carbide, diamond-like carbon or molybdenum, or of carbon nanotubes or it may be a roughened surface portion of the side wall surface. The gate (9) may be a grid or it may be made up of patches of metal film covering spacers distributed over the emitter area or a metal film covering an electron permeable layer placed on the emitter surface.
摘要:
The invention relates to a measurement device (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) having an electron-releasing device (8), an electron-accepting device (13, 31, 32) and an ion-accepting device (19, 23, 24), a measuring section device (6) being provided, which is formed separately from the at least one electron-accepting device (13, 31, 32).