Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image with reduced image defects due to ghosting not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment, as especially severe conditions, and to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.SOLUTION: A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a gallium phthalocyanine crystal in which a compound represented by following formula (1) or (2) is contained.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that inhibits the occurrence of photo memory, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.SOLUTION: A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a phthalocyanine pigment and a specific dicyanoethylene compound, and/or, an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a specific dicyanoethylene compound, and the photosensitive layer includes the phthalocyanine pigment.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composition for forming a charge transport film capable of forming a charge transport film that suppresses aggregation of fluorine-containing resin particles.SOLUTION: A composition for forming a charge transport film includes: a solvent having permittivity of 5.0 or more; at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a specific compound of compounds represented by the following general formula (I) and a compound represented by the following general formula (II); fluorine-containing resin particles; and fluorine-containing dispersant. F in the formulas represents a charge transport skeleton; L in the formula (I) represents a specific divalent linking group; and m represents an integer of 1 or more and 8 or less.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a resin having a siloxane structure at the end, which can achieve both reduction in an initial friction force (initial friction coefficient) and suppression of bright part potential fluctuation due to repeated use, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic device having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.SOLUTION: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a surface layer includes (α) a polycarbonate resin not having a siloxane structure at the end, (β) a polycarbonate resin having a siloxane structure at the end, and (γ) benzoic acid methyl, thereby achieving both reduction in the initial friction coefficient and suppression of bright part potential fluctuation due to repeated use.