VCSELs with improved optical and electrical confinement

    公开(公告)号:US11381060B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-07-05

    申请号:US15841345

    申请日:2017-12-14

    Applicant: APPLE INC.

    Abstract: An optoelectronic device includes a semiconductor substrate with a first set of epitaxial layers formed on an area of the substrate defining a lower distributed Bragg-reflector (DBR) stack. A second set of epitaxial layers formed over the first set defines a quantum well structure, and a third set of epitaxial layers, formed over the second set, defines an upper DBR stack. At least the third set of epitaxial layers is contained in a mesa having sides that are perpendicular to the epitaxial layers. A dielectric coating extends over the sides of at least a part of the mesa that contains the third set of epitaxial layers. Electrodes are coupled to the epitaxial layers so as to apply an excitation current to the quantum well structure.

    Combining light-emitting elements of differing divergence on the same substrate

    公开(公告)号:US11309453B2

    公开(公告)日:2022-04-19

    申请号:US17031955

    申请日:2020-09-25

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Abstract: An optoelectronic device includes a semiconductor substrate and a monolithic array of light-emitting elements formed on the substrate. The light-emitting elements include a first plurality of first emitters, configured to emit respective first beams of light with a first angular divergence, at respective first positions in the array, and a second plurality of second emitters, configured to emit respective second beams of light with a second angular divergence that is at least 50% greater than the first angular divergence, at respective second positions in the array.

    Time-of-flight sensing using an addressable array of emitters

    公开(公告)号:US11852727B2

    公开(公告)日:2023-12-26

    申请号:US16769346

    申请日:2017-12-18

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Abstract: Optical sensing apparatus (20) includes an array (28) of emitters (50), which emit pulses of optical radiation at different, respective times in response to a control input applied to the array. A receiver (26) includes a plurality of detectors (40), which output signals indicative of times of arrival of photons at the detectors. Optics (30, 32) project the optical radiation from the emitters onto respective locations in a scene and image the respective locations onto corresponding pixels of the receiver. A controller (44) controls the emitters to emit the output pulses in a predefined spatio-temporal sequence, and collects and processes the signals output by corresponding pixels in synchronization with the spatio-temporal sequence so as to measure respective times of flight of the pulses to and from the respective locations in the scene.

    Single-chip optical transceiver
    4.
    发明申请

    公开(公告)号:US20220404475A1

    公开(公告)日:2022-12-22

    申请号:US17714161

    申请日:2022-04-06

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Abstract: An optoelectronic device includes a first semiconductor die, having first front and rear surfaces and including at least one avalanche photodetector configured to output electrical pulses in response to photons incident on the first front surface. A second semiconductor die has a second front surface, which is bonded to the first rear surface, and a second rear surface, and includes a photodetector receiver analog circuit coupled to the at least one avalanche photodetector and an emitter driver circuit configured to drive a pulsed optical emitter. A third semiconductor die has a third front surface, which is bonded to the second rear surface, and a third rear surface, and includes logic circuits coupled to control the photodetector receiver analog circuit and the emitter driver circuit and to receive and process the electrical pulses output by the at least one avalanche photodetector.

    Combining light-emitting elements of differing divergence on the same substrate

    公开(公告)号:US10825952B2

    公开(公告)日:2020-11-03

    申请号:US16477205

    申请日:2018-01-11

    Applicant: APPLE INC.

    Abstract: An optoelectronic device includes a semiconductor substrate and a monolithic array of light-emitting elements formed on the substrate. The light-emitting elements include a first plurality of first emitters, configured to emit respective first beams of light with a first angular divergence, at respective first positions in the array, and a second plurality of second emitters, configured to emit respective second beams of light with a second angular divergence that is at least 50% greater than the first angular divergence, at respective second positions in the array.

    TIME-OF-FLIGHT SENSING USING AN ADDRESSABLE ARRAY OF EMITTERS

    公开(公告)号:US20200309955A1

    公开(公告)日:2020-10-01

    申请号:US16769346

    申请日:2017-12-18

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Abstract: Optical sensing apparatus (20) includes an array (28) of emitters (50), which emit pulses of optical radiation at different, respective times in response to a control input applied to the array. A receiver (26) includes a plurality of detectors (40), which output signals indicative of times of arrival of photons at the detectors. Optics (30, 32) project the optical radiation from the emitters onto respective locations in a scene and image the respective locations onto corresponding pixels of the receiver. A controller (44) controls the emitters to emit the output pulses in a predefined spatio-temporal sequence, and collects and processes the signals output by corresponding pixels in synchronization with the spatio-temporal sequence so as to measure respective times of flight of the pulses to and from the respective locations in the scene.

    Combining light-emitting elements of differing divergence on the same substrate

    公开(公告)号:US20210013372A1

    公开(公告)日:2021-01-14

    申请号:US17031955

    申请日:2020-09-25

    Applicant: Apple Inc.

    Abstract: An optoelectronic device includes a semiconductor substrate and a monolithic array of light-emitting elements formed on the substrate. The light-emitting elements include a first plurality of first emitters, configured to emit respective first beams of light with a first angular divergence, at respective first positions in the array, and a second plurality of second emitters, configured to emit respective second beams of light with a second angular divergence that is at least 50% greater than the first angular divergence, at respective second positions in the array.

    VCSELs with improved optical and electrical confinement

    公开(公告)号:US20180287345A1

    公开(公告)日:2018-10-04

    申请号:US15841345

    申请日:2017-12-14

    Applicant: APPLE INC.

    Abstract: An optoelectronic device includes a semiconductor substrate with a first set of epitaxial layers formed on an area of the substrate defining a lower distributed Bragg-reflector (DBR) stack. A second set of epitaxial layers formed over the first set defines a quantum well structure, and a third set of epitaxial layers, formed over the second set, defines an upper DBR stack. At least the third set of epitaxial layers is contained in a mesa having sides that are perpendicular to the epitaxial layers. A dielectric coating extends over the sides of at least a part of the mesa that contains the third set of epitaxial layers. Electrodes are coupled to the epitaxial layers so as to apply an excitation current to the quantum well structure.

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