公开(公告)号：US20160088717A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-24

申请号：US14858128

申请日：2015-09-18

申请人： Arthur Handelman ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Arthur Handelman ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： H05C1/00 ,  A01M29/24 ,  A01K3/00

CPC分类号： H05C1/00 ,  A01K3/005 ,  A01M29/24 ,  G08B15/005 ,  H05B6/00

摘要： An impenetrable electric barrier will prevent surreptitious crossing of a border or perimeter of an installation. It consists of rows of vertical electrodes installed underground or above ground. It has two modes of operation. In an RF heating mode a generator powers electric fields to heat the ground in a pattern around the fence. A temperature may be reached which makes human occupation of tunnels untenable. Humans may also be subjected to RF radiation effects, especially if the frequency is tuned to a resonant frequency of tunnel cavities. Detection of a resonant frequency by suitable instrumentation may also indicate the presence of tunnels. In another mode occupants of a tunnel may be subjected to shock from an electric pulse, without heating, depending on small amounts of moisture to transmit the pulse through soil to the tunnel.

摘要翻译： 一个不可穿透的电气屏障将防止一个安装边界或周边的偷偷穿越。 它由地下或地上安装的垂直电极排组成。 它有两种操作模式。 在RF加热模式中，发电机以围绕栅栏的图案加热电场来加热地面。 可能达到使人类占用隧道的温度不变。 人类也可能受到RF辐射效应，特别是如果频率被调谐到隧道腔的共振频率。 通过合适的仪器检测谐振频率也可能表明隧道的存在。 在另一种模式中，隧道的乘客可能受到来自电脉冲的冲击，而不加热，取决于少量水分将脉冲通过土壤传输到隧道。

公开(公告)号：US10212795B2

公开(公告)日：2019-02-19

申请号：US14858128

申请日：2015-09-18

申请人： Arthur Handelman ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Arthur Handelman ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： H05C1/00 ,  A01K3/00 ,  A01M29/24

摘要： An electric barrier to limit crossing of a border or perimeter. It consists of rows of vertical electrodes installed underground or above ground. It has two modes of operation. In an RF heating mode a generator powers electric fields to heat the ground in a pattern around the fence. A temperature may be reached which makes human occupation of tunnels untenable. Humans may also be subjected to RF radiation effects, especially if the frequency is tuned to a resonant frequency of tunnel cavities. Detection of a resonant frequency by suitable instrumentation may also indicate the presence of tunnels. In another mode occupants of a tunnel may be subjected to shock from an electric pulse, without heating, depending on small amounts of moisture to transmit the pulse through soil to the tunnel.

公开(公告)号：US4485869A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-04

申请号：US435979

申请日：1982-10-22

申请人： Guggilam C. Sresty ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Guggilam C. Sresty ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B43/2401

摘要： A method of electromagnetic heating in situ recovers liquid hydrocarbons from an oil shale formation containing kerogen in an inorganic matrix where the formation is substantially impermeable to fluids under native conditions. A block of the oil shale formation is substantially uniformly heated in situ with electromagnetic power to a temperature of about 275.degree. C. where there is pyrolysis of a portion of the kerogen to gas and shale oil at a pressure sufficient to overcome the capillary pressure of the shale oil in the matrix, thereby providing substantial fluid permeability to the formation. The gas thereupon escaping from said block and the shale oil driven thereby are recovered, thereby further increasing the permeability of the formation. The magnitude of the electromagnetic power is controlled to raise the temperature of the block relatively slowly to increase the rate of pyrolysis of the kerogen as the permeability of the formation increases to produce gas at pressures above the necessary to overcome the capillary pressure and below that at which there is substantial escape of the gas bypassing shale oil within the formation rather than driving the oil before it.

摘要翻译： 电磁加热方法原位从含有无机基质中含有干酪根的油页岩层回收液态烃，其中在天然条件下形成基本上不渗透流体。 油页岩形成的块基本上用电磁功率原位均匀地加热到约275℃的温度，其中一部分油母质对气体和页岩油的热解足以克服毛细管压力 基质中的页岩油，从而为地层提供了实质的流体渗透性。 其中的气体从所述块中逸出并且由此驱动的页岩油被回收，从而进一步增加地层的渗透性。 控制电磁功率的大小以相对缓慢地升高块体的温度，以增加干酪根的热解速率，因为地层的渗透率增加，以产生高于克服毛细管压力所必需的压力的气体，并且低于 在地层内绕过页岩油的气体大量逃逸，而不是在其前驱动油。

公开(公告)号：US4485868A

公开(公告)日：1984-12-04

申请号：US428081

申请日：1982-09-29

申请人： Guggilam C. Sresty ,  Harsh Dev ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Guggilam C. Sresty ,  Harsh Dev ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/22 ,  E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B43/2401 ,  E21B36/04

摘要： A method of electromagnetic heating in situ recovers liquid hydrocarbons from an earth formation containing viscous hydrocarbonaceous liquid and water in an inorganic matrix where the formation is substantially impermeable to fluids under native conditions. A block of the earth formation is substantially uniformly heated with electromagnetic power to a temperature at which the viscous hydrocarbonaceous liquid is relatively fluid and a portion of the water vaporizes to water vapor at a pressure sufficient to overcome the capillary pressure of the liquid in the matrix. Water vapor thereupon escaping from the block under such pressure is recovered with hydrocarbonaceous liquid driven thereby. The magnitude of the electromagnetic power is controlled to limit the current recovery ratio of water vapor to hydrocarbonaceous liquid below a predetermined limit assuring substantial recovery of the hydrocarbonaceous liquid prior to the driving off of substantially all the water.

摘要翻译： 电磁加热方法原位从包含粘性含烃液体和无机基质中的水的地层中回收液态烃，其中在天然条件下形成基本上不渗透流体。 地层块基本均匀地用电磁力加热至粘性含烃液体相对流动的温度，并且一部分水以足以克服基质中液体的毛细管压力的气体蒸发到水蒸汽。 在这样的压力下从块中逸出的水蒸气由其驱动的含烃液体回收。 控制电磁功率的大小以将水蒸气与烃类液体的当前回收率限制在低于预定限度，从而确保在基本上所有的水被驱除之前大量回收烃类液体。

公开(公告)号：US4670634A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-02

申请号：US720070

申请日：1985-04-05

申请人： Jack E. Bridges ,  Harsh Dev ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Allen Taflove

发明人： Jack E. Bridges ,  Harsh Dev ,  Richard H. Snow ,  Allen Taflove

IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  B09C1/00 ,  B09C1/06 ,  E21B43/24 ,  H05B6/54

CPC分类号： E21B43/2401 ,  B09C1/005 ,  B09C1/065 ,  B09C2101/00

摘要： A water-containing region at or near the surface of the earth, such as a landfill, that is contaminated with hazardous materials is decontaminated by heating the region with bound radio frequency energy from a bound-wave transmission line excitor array disposed outside the region to a temperature to boil water and thereby increase the permeability of the region. The heating is continued by dielectric heating after water has boiled from at least a portion of the region to heat the portion to elevated temperatures substantially above the boiling point of water. The materials may then be rendered innocuous in situ in a number of ways, as by pyrolysis, thermally assisted decomposition, or reaction with an introduced reagent, such as oxygen. The materials may also be driven from the region, as by distillation or by evaporation and steam drive and then collected and disposed of, as by incineration.

摘要翻译： 在受到有害物质污染的地球表面附近或附近的含水区域，例如垃圾填埋场，通过用设置在该区域外的界面波传输线路激励器阵列加上具有束缚的射频能量的区域来去污染， 煮沸水的温度，从而增加该区域的渗透性。 在水从该区域的至少一部分煮沸之后，通过电介质加热继续加热，以将该部分加热至高于沸点的高温。 然后可通过多种方式使材料无害化，如通过热分解，热辅助分解或与引入的试剂如氧反应。 材料也可以通过蒸馏或蒸发和蒸汽驱动从区域驱动，然后通过焚烧收集和处理。

公开(公告)号：US20070193744A1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-23

申请号：US11708912

申请日：2007-02-20

申请人： Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B43/2401 ,  H05B6/62

摘要： The vast North American oil shale and tar sand deposits offer the potential to make USA energy independent. However, if these deposits were produced by the existing combustion processes, substantial CO2 emissions would be injected in to air. To avoid this green house gas problem and yet produce liquid fuels, an electro-thermal energy storage system that may be wind-powered is described. It stores the unpredictable, intermittent (e.g., wind) electrical energy over long periods as thermal energy in fossil hydrocarbon deposits. Because the thermal diffusion time is very slow in such deposits, the thermal energy is effectively trapped in a defined section of a hydrocarbon deposit. This allows time for the thermal energy to convert hydrocarbons into gaseous and liquid fuels. It can also use a portion of the fuel to regenerate electrical power into the electrical grid of higher energy content than was initially stored. In addition, the method can increase the reliability of the grid and provide a load leveling function.

摘要翻译： 广泛的北美油页岩和焦油砂矿床具有使美国能源独立的潜力。 然而，如果这些沉积物是由现有的燃烧过程产生的，那么大量的二氧化碳排放将被注入到空气中。 为了避免这个温室气体问题，并且生产液体燃料，描述了可以被风力供电的电热能储存系统。 它将长期不可预测的间歇（例如风）电能作为化石碳氢化合物沉积物中的热能存储。 由于这种沉积物中的热扩散时间非常慢，所以热能被有效地捕获在烃沉积物的限定部分中。 这允许热能将碳氢化合物转化成气体和液体燃料的时间。 它还可以使用一部分燃料将电力再生成比最初存储的更高能量含量的电网。 此外，该方法可以提高电网的可靠性，并提供负载均衡功能。

公开(公告)号：US06421550B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US09120749

申请日：1998-07-23

申请人： Jack E. Bridges ,  Susan Hagness ,  Allen Taflove ,  Milica Popovic

发明人： Jack E. Bridges ,  Susan Hagness ,  Allen Taflove ,  Milica Popovic

IPC分类号： A61B505

CPC分类号： G01N22/00 ,  A61B5/05 ,  A61B5/0507

摘要： A non-invasive method to detect vascularization associated with one or more malignant tumors in living tissue of a living organism, where dielectric properties of the vascularization are different than dielectric properties of normal living tissue. In one embodiment, a non-ionizing input wave within a wide band frequency range is generated, and the input wave is applied to a field excitation antenna to illuminate a discrete volume within the living tissue of the living organism and to develop scattered power returns from the discrete volume. A receiving antenna then collects at least a portion of the scattered power returns. The scattered power returns are detected and then applied to a signal processor to develop a segregated signal, which is then processed in order to identify the vascularization associated with one or more malignant tumors.

摘要翻译： 用于检测与生物体的活体组织中的一种或多种恶性肿瘤相关的血管形成的非侵入性方法，其中血管形成的介电性质不同于正常活体组织的介电性质。 在一个实施例中，产生宽带频率范围内的非电离输入波，并且将输入波施加到场激励天线以照射活生物体的活体组织内的离散体积，并且从 离散体积。 然后，接收天线收集至少一部分散射功率回报。 检测分散的功率回报，然后将其应用于信号处理器以形成分离信号，然后对其进行处理，以便识别与一个或多个恶性肿瘤相关联的血管形成。

公开(公告)号：US5713415A

公开(公告)日：1998-02-03

申请号：US685512

申请日：1996-07-24

申请人： Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  H01B7/04 ,  H01B7/26 ,  E21B43/24

CPC分类号： E21B43/2401 ,  E21B36/04 ,  H01B7/046 ,  H01B7/26

摘要： Low-flux-leakage cables and cable terminations for an A.C. electrical heating system that heats a fluid reservoir around a mineral fluid well, usually an oil well; the system utilizes A.C. electrical heating power in a range of 25 to 1000 Hz. The well has a borehole extending down through overburden formations and through a subterranean fluid reservoir; the well includes an electrically conductive upper casing in the overburden, an electrically conductive heating electrode located in the reservoir, and an electrically insulating casing between the upper casing and the heating electrode. The cable extends down through the upper casing and is connected to the heating electrode to supply electrical power to the electrode. The power cable has two or three electrical conductors which are electrically isolated from each other, enclosed within a steel sheath. The conductors are electrically terminated within a zone that immediately surrounds the heating electrode and adjacent formations; there is a net vertical current of approximately zero in the conductors so that eddy current and skin effect losses in the steel sheath are minimized. For a two-conductor cable, one conductor is connected to the well casing and the other is connected to the electrode.

摘要翻译： 用于加热矿物流体周围的流体储存器（通常为油井）的交流电加热系统的低通量泄漏电缆和电缆终端; 该系统利用在25至1000Hz范围内的交流电加热功率。 井具有向下延伸穿过覆盖层地层并通过地下储层的井眼; 井包括覆盖层中的导电上壳体，位于储液器中的导电加热电极，以及在上壳体和加热电极之间的电绝缘壳体。 电缆向下延伸通过上壳体并连接到加热电极以向电极提供电力。 电力电缆具有两个或三个电导体，它们彼此电隔离，封闭在钢护套内。 导体在紧靠着加热电极和相邻地层的区域内电终止; 在导体中存在约为零的净垂直电流，使得钢护套中的涡流和皮肤效应损失最小化。 对于双芯电缆，一个导体连接到井套管，另一个连接到电极。

公开(公告)号：US4498535A

公开(公告)日：1985-02-12

申请号：US445672

申请日：1982-11-30

申请人： Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/24 ,  E21B43/30

CPC分类号： E21B43/30 ,  E21B36/04 ,  E21B43/2401

摘要： A system and method provide for preferential in situ heating of earth formations. A plurality of elongated conductive electrodes are emplaced in earth formations in respective spaced rows bounding a particular volume of the earth formations and forming a transmission line, preferably a triplate line, extending in the direction of the electrodes with the particular volume of the earth formations providing a dielectric medium between respective rows of electrodes. Electromagnetic energy is supplied to the transmission line at a frequency at which the spacing between respective rows is less than about twice the skin depth at the frequency of the applied energy. Reactance means are disposed along respective electrodes to provide predetermined effective transmission line characteristics to develop a predetermined heating pattern in the earth formations. The reactance means may be reactances disposed discretely between sections of respective electrodes. The reactance means may also be disposed between respective electrodes and the earth formation, as by a dielectric coating. A heating pattern may be developed to heat hydrocarbon rich deposits preferentially.

摘要翻译： 一种系统和方法为地层的优先原位加热提供了依据。 多个细长的导电电极被放置在地层中，并以相应的隔开的行布置，这些行界定了特定体积的地层，并且形成了沿电极方向延伸的传输线，优选地是三面板线，其中特定体积的地层提供 在各行电极之间的介电介质。 将电磁能量以施加能量的频率处于相应行之间的间隔小于皮肤深度的大约两倍的频率提供给传输线。 电抗装置沿着各个电极设置以提供预定的有效传输线特性，以在地层中形成预定的加热模式。 电抗装置可以是离散地设置在各个电极的部分之间的电抗。 电抗装置也可以通过电介质涂层设置在各个电极和地层之间。 可以开发加热模式以优先加热富含烃的沉积物。

公开(公告)号：US5751895A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-12

申请号：US600526

申请日：1996-02-13

申请人： Jack E. Bridges

发明人： Jack E. Bridges

IPC分类号： E21B36/04 ,  E21B47/12

CPC分类号： E21B47/122 ,  E21B36/04

摘要： A control for an electrical heating system that enhances production from an oil well, particularly a horizontal oil well; the well includes an initial well bore extending downwardly from the surface of the earth through one or more overburden formations and into communication with a producing well bore that extends or deviates outwardly from the initial well bore into an oil producing formation. The heating system includes an array of short, electrically conductive heating electrodes extending longitudinally through the producing well bore. The heating system further includes apparatus for electrically energizing electrodes that are close to each other with A.C. power; the A.C. power supplied to electrodes near each other has a phase displacement of at least 90.degree., usually 120.degree. or 180.degree., between electrodes. The control Includes plural power switches, each connected to at least one heating electrode; each power switch is conductive only up to a predetermined limit (usually a temperature limit). In one embodiment, each power switch includes a sensor responsive to the operating condition of its heating electrode. Another embodiment employs a telemeter circuit to actuate the power switches with sensors that are separate from the power switches.

摘要翻译： 用于电加热系统的控制器，其增强了油井，特别是水平油井的生产; 井包括从地球表面向下延伸穿过一个或多个上覆岩层的初始井眼，并且与从初始井眼向外延伸或偏离成产油地层的生产井孔连通。 加热系统包括沿着生产井眼纵向延伸的短导电加热电极阵列。 所述加热系统还包括用于用交流电力相互靠近的电极进行电激励的装置; 提供给彼此靠近的电极的交流电源在电极之间具有至少90°，通常为120°或180°的相位偏移。 控制包括多个电源开关，每个电源开关连接至少一个加热电极; 每个电源开关仅导通至预定极限（通常为温度限制）。 在一个实施例中，每个电源开关包括响应于其加热电极的工作状态的传感器。 另一个实施例采用遥测仪电路来驱动具有与功率开关分开的传感器的功率开关。