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1.发明授权Recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from oil shale by electromagnetic heating in situ 失效通过电磁加热原位从油页岩中回收液态烃
公开(公告)号：US4485869A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-04
申请号：US435979
申请日：1982-10-22
IPC分类号： E21B43/24
CPC分类号： E21B43/2401
摘要： A method of electromagnetic heating in situ recovers liquid hydrocarbons from an oil shale formation containing kerogen in an inorganic matrix where the formation is substantially impermeable to fluids under native conditions. A block of the oil shale formation is substantially uniformly heated in situ with electromagnetic power to a temperature of about 275.degree. C. where there is pyrolysis of a portion of the kerogen to gas and shale oil at a pressure sufficient to overcome the capillary pressure of the shale oil in the matrix, thereby providing substantial fluid permeability to the formation. The gas thereupon escaping from said block and the shale oil driven thereby are recovered, thereby further increasing the permeability of the formation. The magnitude of the electromagnetic power is controlled to raise the temperature of the block relatively slowly to increase the rate of pyrolysis of the kerogen as the permeability of the formation increases to produce gas at pressures above the necessary to overcome the capillary pressure and below that at which there is substantial escape of the gas bypassing shale oil within the formation rather than driving the oil before it.
摘要翻译： 电磁加热方法原位从含有无机基质中含有干酪根的油页岩层回收液态烃，其中在天然条件下形成基本上不渗透流体。 油页岩形成的块基本上用电磁功率原位均匀地加热到约275℃的温度，其中一部分油母质对气体和页岩油的热解足以克服毛细管压力 基质中的页岩油，从而为地层提供了实质的流体渗透性。 其中的气体从所述块中逸出并且由此驱动的页岩油被回收，从而进一步增加地层的渗透性。 控制电磁功率的大小以相对缓慢地升高块体的温度，以增加干酪根的热解速率，因为地层的渗透率增加，以产生高于克服毛细管压力所必需的压力的气体，并且低于 在地层内绕过页岩油的气体大量逃逸，而不是在其前驱动油。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4485868A
公开(公告)日：1984-12-04
申请号：US428081
申请日：1982-09-29
CPC分类号： E21B43/2401 , E21B36/04
摘要： A method of electromagnetic heating in situ recovers liquid hydrocarbons from an earth formation containing viscous hydrocarbonaceous liquid and water in an inorganic matrix where the formation is substantially impermeable to fluids under native conditions. A block of the earth formation is substantially uniformly heated with electromagnetic power to a temperature at which the viscous hydrocarbonaceous liquid is relatively fluid and a portion of the water vaporizes to water vapor at a pressure sufficient to overcome the capillary pressure of the liquid in the matrix. Water vapor thereupon escaping from the block under such pressure is recovered with hydrocarbonaceous liquid driven thereby. The magnitude of the electromagnetic power is controlled to limit the current recovery ratio of water vapor to hydrocarbonaceous liquid below a predetermined limit assuring substantial recovery of the hydrocarbonaceous liquid prior to the driving off of substantially all the water.
摘要翻译： 电磁加热方法原位从包含粘性含烃液体和无机基质中的水的地层中回收液态烃，其中在天然条件下形成基本上不渗透流体。 地层块基本均匀地用电磁力加热至粘性含烃液体相对流动的温度，并且一部分水以足以克服基质中液体的毛细管压力的气体蒸发到水蒸汽。 在这样的压力下从块中逸出的水蒸气由其驱动的含烃液体回收。 控制电磁功率的大小以将水蒸气与烃类液体的当前回收率限制在低于预定限度，从而确保在基本上所有的水被驱除之前大量回收烃类液体。
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公开(公告)号：US5609820A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US480879
申请日：1995-06-07
摘要： Infectious medical materials are rendered harmless by heating heterogeneous medical materials having wet and dry portions with a radio-frequency electric field. The medical materials may be comminuted prior to heating. The medical materials are exposed to the radio-frequency electric field in order to heat the medical materials. The medical materials may include sorted medical or veterinary waste which after heat treatment may be recycled.
摘要翻译： 传染性医疗材料通过用具有无线电频率的电场加热具有湿和干部分的异质医疗材料而变得无害化。 医疗材料可以在加热之前粉碎。 将医疗材料暴露于射频电场以加热医疗材料。 医疗材料可能包括经过热处理的回收利用的分类医疗废物或兽医废物。
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公开(公告)号：US5543111A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-06
申请号：US290002
申请日：1994-08-12
摘要： Infectious medical materials are rendered harmless by heating heterogeneous medical materials having wet and dry portions with a radio-frequency electric field. The medical materials may be comminuted prior to heating. The medical materials are exposed to the radio-frequency electric field in order to heat the medical materials. The medical materials may include sorted medical or veterinary waste which after heat treatment may be recycled.
摘要翻译： 传染性医疗材料通过用具有无线电频率的电场加热具有湿和干部分的异质医疗材料而变得无害化。 医疗材料可以在加热之前粉碎。 将医疗材料暴露于射频电场以加热医疗材料。 医疗材料可能包括经过热处理的回收利用的分类医疗废物或兽医废物。
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公开(公告)号：US5523052A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-04
申请号：US426631
申请日：1995-04-21
摘要： Infectious medical materials are rendered harmless by heating heterogeneous medical materials having wet and dry portions with a radio-frequency electric field. The medical materials are exposed to the radio-frequency electric field in order to heat the medical materials to inactivate microorganisms thereon. The medical materials are then irradiated with gamma radiation to inactivate microorganisms remaining viable thereon after application of the radio-frequency electric field.
摘要翻译： 传染性医疗材料通过用具有无线电频率的电场加热具有湿和干部分的异质医疗材料而变得无害化。 将医疗材料暴露于射频电场以加热医疗材料以使其上的微生物灭活。 然后用γ辐射照射医疗材料，以在应用射频电场之后灭活其上存在的微生物。
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6.发明授权Electro-osmotic production of hydrocarbons utilizing conduction heating of hydrocarbonaceous formations 失效利用烃类地层传导加热对碳氢化合物进行电渗透生产
公开(公告)号：US4645004A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-24
申请号：US603583
申请日：1984-04-25
IPC分类号： E21B43/24
CPC分类号： E21B43/2401
摘要： An electro-osmotic method for the production of hydrocarbons utilizes in situ heating of earth formations having substantial electrical conductivity. A particular volume of an earth formation is bounded with a waveguide structure formed of respective rows of discrete elongated electrodes in a dense array wherein the active electrode area and the row separation are chosen in reference to the deposit thickness to avoid heating barren layers. Electrical power is applied at no more than a relatively low frequency between respective rows of electrodes to deliver power to the formation while producing relatively uniform heating thereof and limiting the relative loss of heat to adjacent regions to less than a predetermined amount. At the same time the temperature of the electrodes is controlled near the vaporization point of water to maintain an electrically conductive path between the electrodes and the formation. A heat sink is provided by supplying aqueous liquid electrolyte to space between the electrodes and the adjacent formation, thereby maintaining the temperature thereat no greater than about the boiling point of water and maintaining a conductive path between said formation. A d.c. polarized potential is applied to enhance flow of reservoir fluid into a preselected row of electrodes, and collected reservoir fluids are removed from the electrodes in the preselected row.
摘要翻译： 用于生产碳氢化合物的电渗透方法利用具有实质导电性的地层的原位加热。 特定体积的地层结构由以密集阵列中的各行离散细长电极形成的波导结构为界，其中根据沉积厚度选择有效电极面积和行分离以避免加热贫瘠层。 在相互排列的电极之间以不超过相对较低的频率施加电力，以将功率输送到地层，同时产生相对均匀的加热，并将相对于邻近区域的相对热损失限制在小于预定量。 同时，电极的温度在水的蒸发点附近被控制，以保持电极和地层之间的导电路径。 通过向电极和相邻地层之间的空间供应水性液体电解质来提供散热器，从而将温度保持在不大于约沸点的水并保持所述地层之间的导电路径。 一个d.c. 施加极化电位以增强储存器流体进入预定行的电极的流动，并且将收集的储存流体从预先选定的行中的电极移除。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4524827A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US489756
申请日：1983-04-29
CPC分类号： E21B36/006 , E21B36/00 , E21B36/001 , E21B36/04 , E21B43/2401
摘要： Water is vaporized in an annular upper region of a subsurface formation into which borehole extends from the surface. This creates a substantially nonconducting dielectric in such region extending outwardly from the borehole. Such vaporization is preferably achieved by the application of electrical power to an electrode disposed in the borehole. Liquid is produced through the borehole from a lower region of the formation to cool the lower region near the borehole and maintain an electrically conductive path between the formation and the electrode in such lower region through which electrical power is applied to the formation.
摘要翻译： 水在地下地层的环形上部区域中蒸发，钻孔从表面延伸到该区域。 这在从钻孔向外延伸的区域中产生基本上不导电的电介质。 这种蒸发优选通过向设置在钻孔中的电极施加电力来实现。 液体通过钻孔从地层的下部区域产生，以冷却靠近钻孔的下部区域，并且在这样的下部区域中保持导电路径，该区域通过该区域向地层施加电力。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for in situ decontamination of a site contaminated with a volatile material 失效用挥发性物质污染的地点进行原位净化的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5664911A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-09
申请号：US685224
申请日：1996-07-23
申请人： Jack E. Bridges , Guggilam C. Sresty , Harsh Dev
发明人： Jack E. Bridges , Guggilam C. Sresty , Harsh Dev
CPC分类号： B09C1/00 , B09C1/062 , B09C2101/00
摘要： A method for removing a contaminant from a treatment region of a contaminated region of a site in the earth having water therein and being contaminated with the contaminant includes heating the earth by establishing an electric field through the treatment region. The electric field gives rise to an electric conduction or displacement current through the treatment region. The electric current electrically heats at least a portion of the treatment region to a temperature below the boiling point of water to evaporate the water. A vacuum is drawn in a nether region of the site to collect water vapor evolved from the water and contaminant vapor evolved from the contaminant by movement of air from the surface of the earth, while the water vapor strips the contaminant from the earth. The contaminant vapor is disposed of in an innocuous manner.
摘要翻译： 从污水区域的污染区域的污染区域的污染区域中除去被污染物污染的方法包括通过在处理区域内建立电场来加热地球。 电场产生通过处理区域的导电或位移电流。 电流将处理区域的至少一部分电加热至低于水沸点的温度以蒸发水。 在场地的下层区域抽真空，以收集从水中逸出的水蒸汽和通过空气从地表的移动而从污染物释放的污染物蒸汽，同时水蒸汽从地球上除去污染物。 污染物蒸气以无害的方式处理。
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公开(公告)号：US5476634A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-19
申请号：US409897
申请日：1995-03-23
CPC分类号： A61L2/12 , A61L11/00 , A61L2/04 , A61L2/08 , B03B9/061 , B09B3/0025 , B09B3/0075 , B29B17/02 , H05B6/782 , B29K2023/06 , B29K2105/065 , B29K2711/12 , B29L2031/753 , Y02W30/521 , Y02W30/622
摘要： Infectious medical materials is rendered innocuous by heating heterogeneous medical materials having wet and dry portions with a radio frequency electric field. The medical materials are exposed to the radio frequency electric field in order to heat the medical waste. The medical waste may include sorted medical or veterinary waste which after heat treatment may be shredded and recycled.
摘要翻译： 通过用射频电场加热具有湿和干部分的异质医疗材料，使传染性医疗材料变得无害化。 医疗材料暴露于射频电场，以加热医疗废物。 医疗废物可能包括经过热处理后的分类医疗废物或兽医废物，可以切碎和回收利用。
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10.发明授权Methods and apparatus to confine earth currents for recovery of subsurface volatiles and semi-volatiles 失效限制地电流以回收地下挥发物和半挥发物的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5420402A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-30
申请号：US831589
申请日：1992-02-05
CPC分类号： H05B3/60 , B09C1/062 , E21B36/04 , E21B43/2401 , H05B3/0004 , H05B3/03 , B09C2101/00 , E21B2043/0115
摘要： Improved methods and apparatus are disclosed for confining ohmic heating currents to a subsurface formation in the use of in situ ohmic heating for recovery of volatile and semi-volatile materials, such as hazardous waste, hydrocarbon-like materials, and valuable minerals having thermally responsive properties. Spacing between emplaced electrodes and the number of electrodes employed are controlled to cause coupling between electrodes for more uniform and higher temperature heating. Electrode designs are disclosed which suppress spurious earth currents which would heat other formations not of interest. Suppression of electrode end currents is accomplished by the use of distinct rings of insulation, control of the applied potential along the electrode, and injection or withdrawal of fluids at distinct locations along the electrode.
摘要翻译： 公开了改进的方法和装置，用于将欧姆加热电流限制在地下地层中，使用原位欧姆加热来回收挥发性和半挥发性材料，例如危险废物，烃类材料和具有热响应特性的有价值矿物 。 控制电极之间的间距和使用的电极数量，以使电极之间的耦合更均匀和更高温度的加热。 公开了电极设计，其抑制杂散的地电流，这将加热不感兴趣的其它地层。 电极端电流的抑制是通过使用不同的隔离环，沿电极的施加电位的控制，以及沿着电极的不同位置的流体的注入或取出而实现的。
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