公开(公告)号：US4257798A

公开(公告)日：1981-03-24

申请号：US61166

申请日：1979-07-26

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks ,  Jackson C. Koo ,  Allan Rosencwaig

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks ,  Jackson C. Koo ,  Allan Rosencwaig

IPC: C03B19/10 ,  C03C11/00 ,  C03C3/04

CPC classification number: C03B19/1075 ,  C03B19/1065 ,  C03C11/002

Abstract: A method for producing small hollow glass spheres filled with a gas by introduction of the gas during formation of the hollow glass spheres. Hollow glass microspheres having a diameter up to about 500.mu. with both thin walls (0.5 to 4.mu.) and thick walls (5 to 20.mu.) that contain various fill gases, such as Ar, Kr, Xe, Br, DT, H.sub.2, D.sub.2, He, N.sub.2, Ne, CO.sub.2, etc. in the interior thereof, can be produced by the diffusion of the fill gas or gases into the microsphere during the formation thereof from a liquid droplet of glass-forming solution. This is accomplished by filling at least a portion of the multiple-zone drop-furnace used in producing hollow microspheres with the gas or gases of interest, and then taking advantage of the high rate of gaseous diffusion of the fill gas through the wall of the gel membrane before it transforms into a glass microsphere as it is processed in the multiple-zone furnace. Almost any gas can be introduced into the inner cavity of a glass microsphere by this method during the formation of the microsphere provided that the gas is diffused into the gel membrane or microsphere prior to its transformation into glass. The process of this invention provides a significant savings of time and related expense of filling glass microspheres with various gases. For example, the time for filling a glass microballoon with 1 atmosphere of DT is reduced from about two hours to a few seconds.

Abstract translation: 一种在中空玻璃球形成期间通过引入气体来生产充满气体的小型中空玻璃球的方法。 直径高达约500微米的空心玻璃微球体，其两个薄壁（0.5至4微米）和厚壁（5至20微米）含有各种填充气体，例如Ar，Kr，Xe，Br，DT，H2， 其内部的D2，He，N2，Ne，CO2等可以通过在从玻璃形成溶液的液滴形成期间将填充气体或气体扩散到微球中来产生。 这是通过用用于生产中空微球体的多区域下落炉的至少一部分填充有感兴趣的气体或者气体来完成的，然后充分利用填充气体的气体扩散速率高于 凝胶膜，然后在多区域炉中加工成玻璃微球。 通过这种方法，在微球形成过程中几乎可以将任何气体引入到玻璃微球的内腔中，只要气体在其转变成玻璃之前就扩散到凝胶膜或微球体中。 本发明的方法大大节省了用各种气体填充玻璃微球的时间和相关费用。 例如，填充1小时DT的玻璃微球的时间从约2小时减少到几秒钟。

公开(公告)号：US4913807A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-03

申请号：US262632

申请日：1988-10-26

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: B03B4/00 ,  B03B5/62 ,  B07B4/02 ,  B07B11/08

CPC classification number: B03B4/00 ,  B03B5/623 ,  B07B11/08 ,  B07B4/02

Abstract: Method and apparatus (10) are provided for separating and classifying particles (48,50,56) by dispersing the particles within a fluid (52) that is upwardly flowing within a cone-shaped pipe (12) that has its large end (20) above its small end (18). Particles of similar size and shape (48,50) migrate to individual levels (A,B) within the flowing fluid. As the fluid is deflected by a plate (42) at the top end of the pipe (12), the smallest particles are collected on a shelf-like flange (40). Ever larger particles are collected as the flow rate of the fluid is increased. To prevent particle sticking on the walls (14) of the pipe (12), additional fluid is caused to flow into the pipe (12) through holes (68) that are specifically provided for that purpose. Sticking is further prevented by high frequency vibrators (70) that are positioned on the apparatus (10).

Abstract translation: 提供了方法和装置（10），用于通过将颗粒分散在流体（52）内来分离和分类颗粒（48,50,56），所述流体在其大端（20）的锥形管（12）内向上流动 ）在其小端（18）之上。 类似尺寸和形状的颗粒（48,50）迁移到流动流体内的各个水平（A，B）。 当流体通过管（12）的顶端处的板（42）偏转时，最小的颗粒被收集在搁板状凸缘（40）上。 当流体的流速增加时，会收集更大的颗粒。 为了防止颗粒粘附在管道（12）的壁（14）上，使另外的流体通过专门用于该目的的孔（68）流入管道（12）。 通过位于设备（10）上的高频振动器（70）进一步防止粘着。

公开(公告)号：US4163637A

公开(公告)日：1979-08-07

申请号：US947665

申请日：1978-09-29

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: B01J2/04 ,  B22F1/00 ,  C03B19/10 ,  C03C11/00 ,  B22D11/01

CPC classification number: C03B19/1055 ,  B01J2/04 ,  B22F1/0051 ,  C03B19/1075 ,  C03C11/002 ,  Y02P40/57 ,  Y10S376/916 ,  Y10T428/2996

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing small hollow spheres of glass, metal or plastic, wherein the sphere material is mixed with or contains as part of the composition a blowing agent which decomposes at high temperature (T.gtoreq.600.degree. C.). As the temperature is quickly raised, the blowing agent decomposes and the resulting gas expands from within, thus forming a hollow sphere of controllable thickness. The thus produced hollow spheres (20 to 10.sup.3 .mu.m) have a variety of application, and are particularly useful in the fabrication of targets for laser implosion such as neutron sources, laser fusion physics studies, and laser initiated fusion power plants.

Abstract translation: 用于制造玻璃，金属或塑料的小型中空球的方法和设备，其中球形材料与组合物的一部分混合或在高温下分解的发泡剂（T> = 600℃）含有。 随着温度迅速升高，发泡剂分解，所得气体从内部膨胀，从而形成可控厚度的中空球体。 由此产生的空心球体（20至103μm）具有各种应用，并且特别可用于制造激光内爆的目标，例如中子源，激光熔融物理研究和激光发射的聚变发电厂。

公开(公告)号：US4190016A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-26

申请号：US20121

申请日：1979-03-13

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: H05H1/22 ,  G21B1/00

CPC classification number: G21B1/19 ,  Y02E30/16 ,  Y10S376/916

Abstract: A method and apparatus using cold gas jets for producing a substantially uniform layer of cryogenic materials on the inner surface of hollow spherical members having one or more layers, such as inertially imploded targets. By vaporizing and quickly refreezing cryogenic materials contained within a hollow spherical member, a uniform layer of the materials is formed on an inner surface of the spherical member. Basically the method involves directing cold gas jets onto a spherical member having one or more layers or shells and containing the cryogenic material, such as a deuterium-tritium (DT) mixture, to freeze the contained material, momentarily heating the spherical member so as to vaporize the contained material, and quickly refreezing the thus vaporized material forming a uniform layer of cryogenic material on an inner surface of the spherical member.

Abstract translation: 一种使用冷气体射流的方法和装置，用于在具有一层或多层的中空球形构件的内表面上产生基本上均匀的低温材料层，例如惯性撞击的靶。 通过汽化和快速冷冻包含在中空球形构件内的低温材料，在球形构件的内表面上形成均匀的材料层。 基本上，该方法包括将冷气喷射器引导到具有一个或多个层或壳的球形部件上，并且包含诸如氘 - 氚（DT）混合物的低温材料，以冷冻所含的材料，立即加热球形部件，以便 蒸发含有的材料，并且在球形构件的内表面上快速重新冷冻形成均匀的低温材料层的蒸发的材料。

公开(公告)号：US4120016A

公开(公告)日：1978-10-10

申请号：US739171

申请日：1976-11-05

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: B05B5/043 ,  B05B5/053 ,  H02M3/338 ,  B05B5/02

CPC classification number: B05B5/043 ,  B05B5/0531 ,  H02M3/3381

Abstract: A light-weight, portable power pack for supplying a high voltage output to an electrostatic spray gun from a low voltage input is disclosed. The power pack is cylindrical in shape with an axial opening adapted to receive the discharge channels of the spray gun so that it may be mounted on and may form a part of the spray gun and is detachable therefrom for replacement purposes. The power pack comprises a power supply circuit including a square wave oscillator connected through a square-loop, tape-wound core transformer to a voltage multiplier network for converting a low voltage DC to a high voltage DC for induction charging of material discharged from the spray gun, the circuit being encapsulated in an epoxy resin material to provide a suitable mounting case therefor. The case is molded into a suitable shape and is attached to the front of the gun by means of screws, bolts, a bayonet type connection or other suitable fastening means, the power pack being provided with external contacts which serve to engage corresponding contacts on the spray gun to provide an electrical connection through the gun to the power source, which may be a battery pack carried by the operator, and to engage coresponding contacts on the inductive charging device for the spray gun. The power pack can form the forward barrel portion of the spray gun with the discharge channels extending through the center of the case, or can be incorporated into detachable accessories such as a gas shroud forming chamber mountable on the forward barrel portion.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于从低电压输入端向静电喷枪提供高压输出的重量轻的便携式电源组件。 动力单元是圆柱形的，具有适于接纳喷枪的排放通道的轴向开口，使得其可以安装在喷枪的一部分上并且可以形成喷枪的一部分，并且可以从其拆卸以用于更换目的。 该电源组件包括一个电源电路，该电源电路包括一个方波振荡器，该方波振荡器通过一个方形磁带缠绕铁芯变压器连接到一个电压倍增器网络，用于将低压直流电压转换成高压直流电， 该电路被封装在环氧树脂材料中以提供合适的安装壳体。 壳体被模制成合适的形状并且通过螺钉，螺栓，卡口式连接或其他合适的紧固装置附接到枪的前部，动力组件设置有用于接合 喷枪，以通过喷枪将电气连接到电源，电源可以是由操作者承载的电池组，并且与用于喷枪的感应充电装置上的相应的触点接合。 动力组件可以形成喷枪的前筒部分，其中排放通道延伸穿过壳体的中心，或者可以结合到可拆卸的附件中，例如安装在前筒部分上的气体护罩形成室。

公开(公告)号：USH872H

公开(公告)日：1991-01-01

申请号：US96200

申请日：1987-09-15

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: B01J19/12 ,  B05B7/18 ,  B05B7/22 ,  B05D1/00 ,  C03C17/00 ,  C04B41/45 ,  C23C14/28 ,  C23C14/32

CPC classification number: C23C14/32 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B05B7/18 ,  B05B7/228 ,  B05D1/00 ,  C03C17/001 ,  C04B41/4523 ,  C23C14/28

Abstract: A method for applying novel coatings to substrates is provided. The ends of multiplicity of rods of different materials are melted by focused beams of laser light. Individual electric fields are applied to each of the molten rod ends, thereby ejecting charged particles that include droplets, atomic clusters, molecules, and atoms. The charged particles are separately transported, by the accelerations provided by electric potentials produced by an electrode structure, to substrates where they combine and form the coatings. Layered and thickness graded coatings comprised of hithereto unavailable compositions, are provided.

公开(公告)号：US4774037A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-27

申请号：US911847

申请日：1986-09-26

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: B01J2/04 ,  B01J2/18 ,  B01J13/04 ,  B22F1/00 ,  B22F9/06 ,  B22F9/08 ,  B29D22/04 ,  B29D99/00 ,  C03B19/10 ,  C04B38/00 ,  B29B9/10

CPC classification number: B01J2/04 ,  B01J13/04 ,  B01J2/18 ,  B22F1/0051 ,  B22F9/06 ,  B22F9/08 ,  B29D22/04 ,  B29D99/0042 ,  C03B19/1005 ,  C03B19/107 ,  C04B38/009 ,  B22F2009/084 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  B29L2031/54 ,  Y10S376/916 ,  Y10S75/953

Abstract: A method is provided for producing commercially large quantities of high melting temperature solid or hollow spherical particles of a predetermined chemical composition and having a uniform and controlled size distribution. An end (18, 50, 90) of a solid or hollow rod (20, 48, 88) of the material is rendered molten by a laser beam (14, 44, 82). Because of this, there is no possibility of the molten rod material becoming contaminated with extraneous material. In various aspects of the invention, an electric field is applied to the molten rod end (18, 90), and/or the molten rod end (50, 90) is vibrated. In a further aspect of the invention, a high-frequency component is added to the electric field applied to the molten end of the rod (90). By controlling the internal pressure of the rod, the rate at which the rod is introduced into the laser beam, the environment of the process, the vibration amplitude and frequency of the molten rod end, the electric field intensity applied to the molten rod end, and the frequency and intensity of the component added to the electric field, the uniformity and size distribution of the solid or hollow spherical particles (122) produced by the inventive method is controlled. The polarity of the electric field applied to the molten rod end can be chosen to eliminate backstreaming electrons, which tend to produce run-away heating in the rod, from the process.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于生产商业上大量具有预定化学组成并具有均匀且受控尺寸分布的高熔点固体或中空球形颗粒的方法。 材料的固体或中空杆（20,48,88）的端部（18,50,90）由激光束（14,44,82）熔化。 因此，熔融棒材料不可能被外来材料污染。 在本发明的各个方面，电场施加到熔融杆端部（18,90）上，和/或熔融杆端部（50,90）振动。 在本发明的另一方面，在施加到杆（90）的熔融端的电场中加入高频分量。 通过控制棒的内部压力，杆被引入激光束的速度，过程的环境，熔融杆端的振动振幅和频率，施加到熔融杆端的电场强度， 并且控制添加到电场中的组分的频率和强度，通过本发明方法产生的固体或中空球形颗粒（122）的均匀性和尺寸分布被控制。 可以选择施加到熔融杆端的电场的极性，以消除电子的逆流，这倾向于在该过程中产生远离加热的电子。

公开(公告)号：US4366112A

公开(公告)日：1982-12-28

申请号：US698555

申请日：1976-06-22

Applicant: Robert J. Turnbull ,  Christopher A. Foster ,  Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Robert J. Turnbull ,  Christopher A. Foster ,  Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: C01B3/00 ,  C01B4/00 ,  F25J1/00 ,  G21B1/00

CPC classification number: C01B4/00 ,  C01B3/00

Abstract: A method is provided for producing solid, evacuated microspheres comprised of hydrogen. The spheres are produced by forming a jet of liquid hydrogen and exciting mechanical waves on the jet of appropriate frequency so that the jet breaks up into drops with a bubble formed in each drop by cavitation. The drops are exposed to a pressure less than the vapor pressure of the liquid hydrogen so that the bubble which is formed within each drop expands. The drops which contain bubbles are exposed to an environment having a pressure just below the triple point of liquid hydrogen and they thereby freeze giving solid, evacuated spheres of hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于生产由氢组成的固体，真空的微球的方法。 通过在适当频率的射流上形成液态氢射流和激发机械波来产生球，使得射流通过气蚀在每个滴中形成的气泡分解成液滴。 液滴暴露于低于液态氢的蒸汽压力的压力，使得在每个液滴内形成的气泡膨胀。 含有气泡的液滴暴露于具有刚好低于液态氢三重点的压力的环境中，并因此冷冻得到固体的真空的氢气球。

公开(公告)号：US4548767A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-22

申请号：US535464

申请日：1983-09-26

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: B01J13/04 ,  H05H1/22

CPC classification number: G21B1/19 ,  B01J13/04 ,  Y02E30/16 ,  Y10S264/06 ,  Y10S376/916

Abstract: Large, uniform hollow spherical shells are produced by forming uniform size drops of heat decomposable or vaporizable material, evaporating the drops to form dried particles, coating the dried particles with a layer of shell forming material, and heating the composite particles to melt the outer layer and decompose or vaporize the inner particle to form an expanding inner gas bubble which expands the outer layer. By cycling the temperature and pressure on the hollow shells, spherical shells with uniform walls are produced.

Abstract translation: 通过形成均匀尺寸的可分解或可蒸发的材料的液滴来制造大而均匀的中空球壳，蒸发滴剂以形成干燥的颗粒，用一层壳形成材料涂覆干燥的颗粒，并加热复合颗粒以熔化外层 并分解或蒸发内部颗粒以形成膨胀的内部气泡，其膨胀外层。 通过使中空壳体上的温度和压力循环，产生具有均匀壁的球形壳体。

公开(公告)号：US4322378A

公开(公告)日：1982-03-30

申请号：US119909

申请日：1980-02-08

Applicant: Charles D. Hendricks

Inventor： Charles D. Hendricks

IPC: H05H1/22 ,  B29C23/00

CPC classification number: G21B1/19 ,  Y02E30/16 ,  Y10S376/916

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method for producing relatively uniform hollow spheres of a substance, the hollow spheres being formed with a gas therein as a result of the production process. The spheres, formed for example of hydrogen isotopes, are particularly useful as a fuel target for laser fusion applications. In accordance with the method of the invention, a jet of the substance of which the spheres are to be formed is provided in liquid form. Relatively uniform gas bubbles are injected into the liquid jet. In this manner, the bubbles break up or separate the liquid jet into relatively uniform hollow spheres of the substance, each with a bubble of the gas inside. The hollow spheres can be visualized as liquid droplets, each having a relatively uniform gas bubble therein. In accordance with a feature of the invention, a periodic mechanical disturbance, such as is obtained by exciting an ultrasonic transducer, is introduced to a gas stream, and tends to cause the gas stream to form relatively uniform bubbles within the liquid droplets.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于制造物质相对均匀的空心球的方法，空心球由于生产过程而在其中形成有气体。 形成的例如氢同位素的球体特别可用作激光熔融应用的燃料靶。 根据本发明的方法，将要形成球体的物质的射流以液体形式提供。 相对均匀的气泡注入液体射流。 以这种方式，气泡将液体射流分解或分离成物质的相对均匀的中空球体，每个具有气体内部的气泡。 中空球体可以被视为液滴，每个液滴在其中具有相对均匀的气泡。 根据本发明的特征，将诸如通过激发超声换能器获得的周期性机械扰动引入到气流中，并且倾向于使气流在液滴内形成相对均匀的气泡。