Abstract:
A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol; said method comprising contacting in a reactor a mixture comprising methacrolein, methanol and oxygen with a catalyst bed of heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal, wherein base is added to the reactor while maintaining time to reach 95% homogeneity at no greater than 10 minutes.
Abstract:
A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol; said method comprising contacting in a reactor a mixture comprising methacrolein, methanol and oxygen with a catalyst bed of heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal, wherein base is added to the reactor while maintaining time to reach 95% homogeneity at no greater than 10 minutes.
Abstract:
A method of doping elements (particularly those that do not have stable divalent oxidation states) into lithium rich metal oxides useful in lithium ion batteries is comprised of the following steps. A dopant metal is dissolved in a liquid, which includes being present as a colloid, to form a solution. The solution is added to a particulate lithium rich metal oxide precursor while agitating said precursor to form a mixture. The solution is added in an amount that is at most that amount which would make the mixture a paste. The liquid is removed to form a doped lithium rich metal oxide precursor. A source of lithium is added. The doped lithium rich metal oxide precursor is heated to form the lithium rich metal oxide.
Abstract:
A method for activating lithium ion batteries related to the initial formation cycle (initial battery break in prior to use) is used to improve battery performance. The method involves charging the battery for the first time after being fabricated, to an initial voltage Vi that is above 4.25 Volts vs Li/Li+, but less than 5 Volts. The battery is discharged to a base voltage Vb that is from 4.15 to 4.25 Volts and held at Vb for a period of time that is at least one minute to at most several weeks. The battery is then charged to a final voltage Vf that is greater than Vb. The batteries activated by the method may have one or more improved properties such as longer cycle life, greater capacity at higher charge/discharge rates or consistent performance from battery to battery.
Abstract translation:使用与初始形成循环(使用前的初始电池断开)相关的锂离子电池的激活方法来提高电池性能。 该方法包括在制造之后首次将电池充电到高于4.25伏特的Li / Li +但小于5伏特的初始电压Vi。 将电池放电至基本电压Vb为4.15〜4.25V,并将其保持在Vb至少1分钟至最多数周的时间。 然后将电池充电至大于Vb的最终电压Vf。 通过该方法激活的电池可以具有一个或多个改进的性质,例如更长的循环寿命,更高的充电/放电速率下的容量或者从电池到电池的一致的性能。