公开(公告)号：US4507553A

公开(公告)日：1985-03-26

申请号：US413924

申请日：1982-09-01

申请人： Donald W. Oliver ,  Walter H. Fertl

发明人： Donald W. Oliver ,  Walter H. Fertl

IPC分类号： G01V5/10 ,  G01N23/222

CPC分类号： G01V5/101

摘要： An activation well logging method and apparatus for identifying and measuring the presence of vanadium in earth formations surrounding a borehole. A well logging instrument including a source of neutrons is used to irradiate formations for a period of time sufficient to activate vanadium. The gamma radiation emanating from the irradiated formations are detected by a scintillation detector having output pulses directly proportional to the energies of the incident gamma rays. The output pulses having energies characteristic of the element vanadium are separated and counted to provide indication of any vanadium present in the irradiated formations.

摘要翻译： 一种用于识别和测量围绕钻孔的地层中钒的存在的活化测井方法和装置。 使用包含中子源的测井仪器将地层照射一段足以活化钒的时间。 通过具有与入射伽马射线的能量成正比的输出脉冲的闪烁检测器来检测从照射的地层发出的伽马辐射。 具有元素钒特征能量的输出脉冲被分离和计数，以提供辐照地层中存在的任何钒的指示。

公开(公告)号：US4399359A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-16

申请号：US214311

申请日：1980-12-08

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Elton Frost ,  Donald W. Oliver

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Elton Frost ,  Donald W. Oliver

IPC分类号： E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/00

CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 ,  E21B49/00

摘要： A method is disclosed for monitoring the flood front movement during enhanced recovery operations wherein flooding fluids are pumped into a number of injection wells forcing residual oil movement toward a production well. A plurality of monitoring wells located between the injection wells and the producing well are logged to establish base logs functionally related to oil saturation and water salinity. Periodically during the water flood operation, the monitoring wells are relogged to detect changes in oil saturation and water salinity. By comparison of the base logs with the series of later derived logs it is possible to accurately monitor the flood front movement including detecting high-permeability zones and monitoring of the flood front profile.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在增强的恢复操作期间监测洪水前沿运动的方法，其中将淹没流体泵入多个注入井，迫使剩余油向生产井运动。 记录位于注入井和生产井之间的多个监测井，以建立与油饱和度和水盐度功能相关的基础记录。 在洪水运行期间，监测井循环，以检测油饱和度和水盐度的变化。 通过比较基准日志与一系列后续导出的日志，可以准确地监视洪水前进运动，包括检测高渗透区域和洪水前沿轮廓的监控。

公开(公告)号：US4415805A

公开(公告)日：1983-11-15

申请号：US274960

申请日：1981-06-18

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Donald W. Oliver

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Donald W. Oliver

IPC分类号： E21B47/10 ,  G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 ,  G01V5/06

摘要： A multiple stage formation fracturing operation is conducted with separate radioactive tracer elements injected into the well during each stage of the fracturing operation. After completion of the fracturing operation the well is logged using natural gamma ray logging. The resulting signals are sorted into individual channels or energy bands characteristic of each separate radioactive tracer element. The results of the multiple stage fracturing operation are evaluated based on dispersement of the individual tracer elements.

摘要翻译： 在压裂作业的每个阶段，将分离的放射性示踪剂元素注入到井中进行多级地层压裂作业。 压裂作业完成后，使用自然伽马射线测井记录井。 所得到的信号被分类成各个单独的放射性示踪元件的特征的通道或能带。 基于各个示踪元件的分散性来评价多级压裂作业的结果。

公开(公告)号：US4622849A

公开(公告)日：1986-11-18

申请号：US749377

申请日：1985-06-27

申请人： Walter H. Fertl

发明人： Walter H. Fertl

IPC分类号： G01V11/00 ,  E21B49/00

CPC分类号： G01V11/00

摘要： The volume of clay within clay-bearing formations is determined throughout the formations. This volume of clay is then functionally related to measurements indicative of the formations. Utilizing measured formation characteristics representative of different clay types, such as potassium content or bound water content, the formation porosity measurements are extrapolated to indicate the porosity log measurements which would be yielded if the logging devices were responsive only to the clay within the formations. In addition the cation exchange capacity and the percent of expandable clay layers for the shale zones are determined. These extrapolated measurements are then related to known or determinable formation characteristics to determine additional formation properties such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation characteristics.

摘要翻译： 在整个地层确定含粘土地层中的粘土体积。 然后，该体积的粘土在功能上与指示地层的测量有关。 利用表示不同粘土类型（例如钾含量或结合水含量）的测量地层特征，外推地层孔隙度测量值，以表示如果测井装置仅对地层内的粘土作出响应，将产生孔隙度测井。 此外，确定页岩带的阳离子交换能力和可膨胀粘土层的百分比。 然后，这些外推测量与已知或可确定的地层特征相关，以确定附加地层特性，如孔隙度，渗透率和流体饱和度特征。

公开(公告)号：USRE31122E

公开(公告)日：1983-01-11

申请号：US183139

申请日：1980-09-02

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Donald B. Vaello

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Donald B. Vaello

IPC分类号： E21B43/119 ,  E21B47/00 ,  G01V5/06

CPC分类号： E21B47/00 ,  E21B43/119 ,  G01V5/06

摘要： A method is disclosed for the in situ examination of earth formations penetrated by a borehole to ascertain the optimum location along the length thereof for instituting well stimulation operations or, where the well is cased, the optimum location for perforating the casing. The method utilizes natural gamma ray logging to determine the optimum locations with the natural gamma ray radiation of the earth formation surrounding the borehole measured and the total measurement then separated into potassium-40, uranium, and thorium energy-band signals. A differential value is derived by subtracting the energy-band signal for either potassium or thorium from the energy-band signal for uranium, with the differential thereafter compared to a energy-level standard having a preselected magnitude. The optimum locations for perforating and/or instituting well stimulation operations will be those zones in which the differential exceeds the preselected energy level standard.

公开(公告)号：US4756189A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-12

申请号：US829340

申请日：1986-02-14

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Ashok K. Sinha

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Ashok K. Sinha

IPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V11/00

CPC分类号： G01V11/00 ,  E21B49/00

摘要： The volume of clay within clay-bearing formations is determined throughout the formations. This volume of clay is then functionally related to measurements indicative of the formations. Utilizing measured formation characteristics representative of different clay types, such as potassium content or bound water content, the formation porosity measurements are extrapolated to indicate the porosity log measurements which would be yielded if the logging devices were responsive only to the clay within the formations. In addition the cation exchange capacity and the hydrogen index are used to determine volume, types and distribution of clays. These extrapolated measurements are then related to known or determinable formation characteristics to determine additional formation properties such as porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation characteristics.

公开(公告)号：US4636994A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-13

申请号：US534879

申请日：1983-09-22

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Elton Frost

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Elton Frost

IPC分类号： G01V1/28 ,  G01V1/44 ,  G01V1/40

CPC分类号： G01V1/44 ,  G01V1/284

摘要： Methods for estimating shear wave travel time in formations of mixed lithology employing the compressional wave travel time in conjunction with other logging derived information. A shear/compressional wave travel time ratio is established for a sand formation as a function of the porosity of the formation. A shear/compressional wave travel time ratio is established for a shale formation as a function of bulk shale density as derived from the bulk density of the formation. A shale factor is used to compensate the two ratios to the mixed lithology of the measured formation providing a shear/compressional wave travel time ratio for the measured formation. Shear wave travel time is determined using the formation travel time ratio and a compressional wave travel time measurement.

摘要翻译： 使用压缩波行进时间结合其他测井导出信息估算混合岩性地层中的剪切波行进时间的方法。 作为地层孔隙度的函数，建立了砂层的剪切/压缩波行进时间比。 建立了页岩形成的剪切/压缩波行进时间比，作为从地层体积密度得出的体积页岩密度的函数。 使用页岩因子来补偿测量地层的混合岩性的两个比率，为测量的地层提供剪切/压缩波行进时间比。 剪切波行进时间使用地层行进时间比和压缩波行进时间测量来确定。

公开(公告)号：US4484470A

公开(公告)日：1984-11-27

申请号：US455772

申请日：1983-01-05

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Naum Ruhovets

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Naum Ruhovets

IPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V11/00

CPC分类号： G01V11/00 ,  E21B49/00

摘要： The volume of clay within earth formations is determined throughout the vertical extent of a borehole using measurements of the natural gamma rays emitted from these formations comprised substantially entirely of clay. The clay volume determination is used for evaluating the volume of potassium oxide present in the formations. The percent of expandable layers present within the formations is determined, as a direct indicator of potential clay swelling difficulties and thus sensitivity to formation damage sensitivity, based on an extropolated and normalized potassium oxide volume. The percent expandable layers determination is used for determining the cation exchange capacity of the formations.

摘要翻译： 使用从基本上完全由粘土组成的这些地层发射的天然γ射线的测量，在钻孔的整个垂直范围内确定地层内的粘土体积。 粘土体积测定用于评价地层中存在的氧化钾的体积。 确定存在于地层内的可膨胀层的百分比，作为潜在的粘土膨胀困难的直接指标，并因此基于均质和归一化的氧化钾体积对地层损伤敏感性的敏感性。 可膨胀层确定百分比用于确定地层的阳离子交换能力。

公开(公告)号：US4263509A

公开(公告)日：1981-04-21

申请号：US15538

申请日：1979-02-26

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  David W. Welker

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  David W. Welker

IPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00 ,  E21B49/02

CPC分类号： G01V5/06 ,  E21B49/00 ,  E21B49/005

摘要： A method is disclosed for the in situ examination of each subsurface formation penetrated by a borehole to ascertain the cation exchange capacity of such formations within a geological region. Natural gamma ray logging is used to develop signals functionally related to the total gamma radiation and to the potassium -40, uranium and thorium energy-band radiations. A first borehole is traversed by a potential gamma ray spectrometer to provide selected measurements of natural gamma radiation. Core samples are taken from the logged formation and laboratory tests performed to determine the cation exchange capacity thereof. The cation exchange capacities thus are developed then correlated with selected parameters provided by the gamma ray spectrometer to establish functional relationships. Cation exchange capacities of formations in subsequent boreholes within the region are then determined in situ by use of the natural gamma ray spectrometer and these established relationships.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于井眼渗透的每个地下地层的原位检查的方法，以确定地质区域内这种地层的阳离子交换能力。 自然伽马射线测井用于开发与总伽马辐射和钾-40，铀和钍能带辐射功能相关的信号。 第一个钻孔由潜在的伽马射线光谱仪穿过，以提供自然伽马辐射的选定测量。 核心样品取自记录的地层和进行的实验室测试，以确定其阳离子交换容量。 然后开发阳离子交换容量与伽马射线光谱仪提供的选定参数相关，以建立功能关系。 然后通过使用自然伽马射线光谱仪和这些建立的关系，原位确定该区域后续钻孔中地层的阳离子交换能力。

公开(公告)号：US4187908A

公开(公告)日：1980-02-12

申请号：US947132

申请日：1978-09-29

申请人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Donald B. Vaello

发明人： Walter H. Fertl ,  Donald B. Vaello

IPC分类号： E21B43/119 ,  E21B47/00 ,  G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC分类号： E21B43/119 ,  E21B47/00 ,  G01V5/06

摘要： A method is disclosed for the in situ examination of earth formations penetrated by a borehole to ascertain the optimum location along the length thereof for instituting well stimulation operations or, where the well is cased, the optimum location for perforating the casing. The method utilizes natural gamma ray logging to determine the optimum locations with the natural gamma ray radiation of the earth formation surrounding the borehole measured and the total measurement then separated into potassium-40, uranium, and thorium energy-band signals. A differential value is derived by subtracting the energy-band signal for either potassium or thorium from the energy-band signal for uranium, with the differential thereafter compared to a energy-level standard having a preselected magnitude. The optimum locations for perforating and/or instituting well stimulation operations will be those zones in which the differential exceeds the preselected energy level standard.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于原位检查钻孔穿透的地层的方法，以确定沿其长度的最佳位置，用于进行井刺激操作，或者井套管时，用于穿孔套管的最佳位置。 该方法利用自然伽马射线测井来确定测量的围绕钻孔的地球自然伽马射线辐射的最佳位置，然后将总测量值分为钾-40，铀和钍能带信号。 通过从铀的能带信号中减去钾或钍的能带信号，导出差分值，其后与预选量级的能级标准相比较。 用于穿孔和/或进行井刺激操作的最佳位置将是差异超过预选能级标准的那些区域。