公开(公告)号：US20250066714A1

公开(公告)日：2025-02-27

申请号：US18532043

申请日：2023-12-07

Applicant: Edward Brian HAMRICK

Inventor： Edward Brian HAMRICK

IPC: C12N1/18 ,  C12M1/02 ,  C12N1/02 ,  C12P7/08

Abstract: A method for contamination control when growing yeasts is provided. Bacterial contamination is controlled by using urea as the primary nitrogen source while simultaneously limiting the amount of nickel available to contaminating bacteria. Bacteria require nickel as a cofactor for urease enzymes in order to use urea for growth while yeasts do not require nickel as a cofactor for any enzymes. Nickel is limited by using titanium in plate heat exchangers instead of stainless steel. Ethyl carbamate is limited by using a carbon/nitrogen ratio that consumes all urea during fermentation and by separating co-products after fermentation and before distillation. Yeast recycling is performed by using either single-step or two-step centrifugation, without acid washing. This method enables yeast recycling with sugarcane ethanol and sugar beet ethanol production. This method also enables yeast recycling with corn ethanol and grain ethanol production with coproduct recovery after fermentation and before distillation.

公开(公告)号：US20160068870A1

公开(公告)日：2016-03-10

申请号：US14940390

申请日：2015-11-13

Applicant: Edward Brian HAMRICK

Inventor： Edward Brian HAMRICK

IPC: C12P7/14

CPC classification number: C12P7/06 ,  C08B30/04 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08B37/0054 ,  C12P7/14 ,  Y02E50/17

Abstract: A method for fermenting carbohydrate-rich crops is provided. Sugar beet, sugar cane, sweet sorghum, tropical maize hybrids and fruits are rich in simple sugars; potato, sweet potato, cassava and yam are rich in starch; and Jerusalem artichoke is rich in inulin. This method uses vacuum infusion to infuse yeast into the intercellular space (apoplast) of the parenchyma tissue. The simple sugars diffuse into the apoplast, come into contact with the yeast and produce ethanol. Ethanol can be extracted from the crop by vacuum stripping or crushing or can be left inside the starchy crop to preserve it. In some variants, pectinase enzymes degrade the parenchyma cell walls to speed up diffusion of simple sugars to the yeast, speed up diffusion of amylase to starch granules or speed up diffusion of inulinase to insoluble inulin.

公开(公告)号：US20180282683A1

公开(公告)日：2018-10-04

申请号：US15898744

申请日：2018-02-19

Applicant: Edward Brian HAMRICK

Inventor： Edward Brian HAMRICK

IPC: C12M1/00 ,  C12P7/06 ,  C07C29/80 ,  C07C31/08 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D3/32 ,  B01D3/38 ,  B01D5/00

Abstract: A method for separating ethanol from fermented biomass is provided. Fermented biomass that is rich in ethanol is used directly as packing material in a distillation column, and a small amount of water at the bottom of the column is used to efficiently transfer heat to the biomass at the bottom of the column. The fermented biomass packing has a high ratio of surface area to volume, making an efficient packing material. As vapor condenses on the biomass, diffusion of ethanol/water vapor from the body of the biomass enriches the ethanol concentration at the surface of the biomass. Droplets containing lower concentrations of ethanol drip downwards from the biomass, and vapors containing higher concentrations of ethanol rise upwards from the biomass, resulting in a higher concentration of ethanol at the top of the column than was initially in the biomass.

公开(公告)号：US20160097062A1

公开(公告)日：2016-04-07

申请号：US14966650

申请日：2015-12-11

Applicant: Edward Brian HAMRICK

Inventor： Edward Brian HAMRICK

IPC: C12P7/06

CPC classification number: C12P7/06 ,  C08B30/04 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08B37/0054 ,  C12P7/14 ,  Y02E50/17

Abstract: A method for fermenting carbohydrate-rich crops is provided. Sugar beet, sugar cane, sweet sorghum, tropical maize hybrids and fruits are rich in simple sugars; potato, sweet potato, cassava and yam are rich in starch; and Jerusalem artichoke is rich in inulin. This method uses vacuum infusion to infuse yeast into the intercellular space (apoplast) of the parenchyma tissue. The simple sugars diffuse into the apoplast, come into contact with the yeast and produce ethanol. Ethanol can be extracted from the crop by vacuum stripping or crushing or can be left inside the starchy crop to preserve it. In some variants, pectinase enzymes degrade the parenchyma cell walls to speed up diffusion of simple sugars to the yeast, speed up diffusion of amylase to starch granules or speed up diffusion of inulinase to insoluble inulin.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种发酵富含碳水化合物的作物的方法。 甜菜，甘蔗，甜高粱，热带玉米杂种和水果富含简单的糖类; 土豆，甘薯，木薯，山药均含淀粉; 而菊芋菊粉富含菊粉。 该方法使用真空输注将酵母浸入实质组织的细胞间隙（质外体）中。 简单的糖分散入原生质体，与酵母接触并产生乙醇。 可以通过真空剥离或破碎从作物中提取乙醇，或者可以留在淀粉作物中以保存。 在一些变体中，果胶酶降解薄壁细胞壁以加速单糖向酵母的扩散，加速淀粉酶向淀粉颗粒的扩散，或加速菊粉酶向不溶性菊粉的扩散。

公开(公告)号：US20160046966A1

公开(公告)日：2016-02-18

申请号：US14924462

申请日：2015-10-27

Applicant: Edward Brian HAMRICK

Inventor： Edward Brian HAMRICK

IPC: C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/14

CPC classification number: C12P7/16 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P7/14 ,  C12P19/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K1/06 ,  C13K13/00 ,  C13K13/002 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: A method for producing fermentation products from lignocellulosic biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of lignocellulosic fibers which are hollow and primarily contain cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin is concentrated in the outer fiber wall and glues the fibers into bundles, but the inner fiber wall has a much lower concentration of lignin and has more easily accessible cellulose and hemicellulose. This method uses vacuum infusion to infuse enzymes into the lumen (hollow center) of lignocellulosic fibers to hydrolyze the hemicellulose and cellulose to produce sugars and oligomers, and then uses cycles of vacuum pressure to pump these homogeneous reagents and sugars and oligomers into and out of the lumen. These reagents are homogenized by mixing the reagents with process water using turbulent mixing to produce a homogeneous reagent. The sugars may be fermented, such as with yeast, to a fermentation product, such as ethanol or butanol.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种从木质纤维素生物质生产发酵产物的方法。 木质纤维素生物质由中空的木质纤维素纤维组成，主要含有纤维素，半纤维素和木质素。 木质素集中在外纤维壁上，并将纤维胶合成束，但内纤维壁具有低得多的木质素浓度，并且具有更容易接近的纤维素和半纤维素。 该方法使用真空输注将酶注入到木质纤维素纤维的管腔（中空中心）中以水解半纤维素和纤维素以产生糖和低聚物，然后使用真空压力循环将这些均匀的试剂和糖和低聚物泵入和从 流明。 通过使用湍流混合将试剂与工艺水混合以产生均匀的试剂来均化这些试剂。 糖可以如酵母发酵到发酵产物如乙醇或丁醇中。

公开(公告)号：US20150218663A1

公开(公告)日：2015-08-06

申请号：US14608183

申请日：2015-01-28

Applicant: Edward Brian HAMRICK

Inventor： Edward Brian HAMRICK

IPC: C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00 ,  C12P19/00

CPC classification number: C12P7/16 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P7/14 ,  C12P19/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K1/06 ,  C13K13/00 ,  C13K13/002 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: A method for producing sugars from lignocellulosic biomass is provided. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of lignocellulosic fibers which are hollow and primarily contain cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin is concentrated in the outer fiber wall and glues the fibers into bundles, but the inner fiber wall has a much lower concentration of lignin and has more easily accessible cellulose and hemicellulose. This method uses vacuum infusion to infuse homogeneous reagents into the lumen (hollow center) of lignocellulosic fibers to hydrolyze the hemicellulose and cellulose to produce sugars and oligomers, and then uses cycles of vacuum pressure to pump these homogeneous reagents and sugars and oligomers into and out of the lumen. Some types of reagents are dilute acids, cellulase enzymes, hemicellulase enzymes, Fenton or Fenton-like reagents, and hydrogen peroxide. These reagents are homogenized by mixing the reagents with process water using turbulent mixing to produce a homogeneous reagent.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种从木质纤维素生物质生产糖的方法。 木质纤维素生物质由中空的木质纤维素纤维组成，主要含纤维素，半纤维素和木质素。 木质素集中在外纤维壁上，并将纤维胶合成束，但内纤维壁具有低得多的木质素浓度，并且具有更容易接近的纤维素和半纤维素。 该方法使用真空灌注将均匀的试剂注入木质纤维素纤维的管腔（中空中心），以水解半纤维素和纤维素以产生糖和低聚物，然后使用真空压力循环将这些均匀的试剂和糖和低聚物泵入和流出 的流明。 一些类型的试剂是稀酸，纤维素酶，半纤维素酶，芬顿或芬顿样试剂和过氧化氢。 通过使用湍流混合将试剂与工艺水混合以产生均匀的试剂来均化这些试剂。