摘要:
In one general aspect, an LED-based illumination source is disclosed that includes a screw-in household base with an outer thread centered about an insertion axis. A directional-type illumination housing is mechanically connected to the base and has a round light delivery end centered around the insertion axis and has a diameter that is larger than the base. One or more LED illumination elements occupy a portion of the round light delivery end of the directional-type illumination housing and each has an optical axis at least generally parallel with the insertion axis and face away from the base. One or more at least generally coplanar lenses have at least generally parallel optical axes each being aligned with one of the elements and being positioned opposite from the base with respect to the elements. A planar light-spreading element is positioned at least generally perpendicular to the optical axes and spans a portion of the round light delivery end of the directional-type illumination housing different from the portion of the round light delivery end of the directional-type illumination housing occupied by the illumination elements. The planar light-spreading element is optically coupled to the illumination elements, with the planar light-spreading element including an at least generally planar light-transmitting surface facing toward the base and with the planar light-transmitting surface defining lens elements each having an optical axis that is generally perpendicular to the light-transmitting surface.
摘要:
An incandescent light bulb life extender circuit is designed to attach to the screw base of a conventional light bulb or incorporated in series with the AC powering the bulb. The circuit employs a bidirectional semiconductor switch that reduces the brightness of the bulb marginally while significantly extending the bulb's life. The values of the life extender are selected to operate with standard available light dimmers with no undesirable flicker or compromise of reasonable brightness control. A controller consists of the life extending circuit and a) an appropriate molded insulating housing, b) electrically conductive metallic discs for making electrical contacts to a light bulb base and corresponding socket and c) selected electronic components, connected to said discs, to facilitate the intended electrical performance.
摘要:
Electrical switching power supply for microprocessors and the like comprising a high voltage d.c. source (30, 34, 32, 50) resonant circuit (38, 51, 42, 52) including a switching transistor (52) which is operated in Megahertz range and provides pulses, via a transformer (40), rectifier (56), smoothing choke (62) to a d.c. low voltage output terminal (66). The rate of switching is controlled by a pulse generator (54) which pulses variably in response to output voltage to thereby vary switching repetition rate and hold to a predetermined output voltage. The inductive elements use spirals (12A and 12A') of thin lines on the surface of a substrate board and ferrite plugs (20) passing through holes (22) in the board to provide miniature inductive elements built into the substrate for effective use in a microprocessor power supply, or the like, and in other applications. Power dissipating elements on the circuit are mounted to a common thermal ground (29) and the circuit as a whole, including such thermal ground is encapsulated to provide a plate form power supply.
摘要:
In one general aspect, a dimmer power supply circuit is disclosed for use with single-pole dimmers that includes a first AC mains input line, second AC mains input line, and a rectification circuit responsive to the first and second AC mains input lines. A positive LED supply terminal responsive to the rectification circuit, and a negative LED supply terminal is responsive to the rectification circuit. At least one preload resistor is operatively connected in a first intermittent loading circuit path between two supply rails in the dimmer power supply circuit, and a peak detector is responsive to the first and second AC mains input lines. A first switching circuit includes a selectively enabled conduction path operatively connected in the first intermittent loading circuit path between the first and second supply rails and a control input that is responsive to the peak detector to selectively enable the switching element's conduction path when power detected across the first and second AC mains input lines is dimmed to below a predetermined level.
摘要:
A method for coordinated turning of a formation of aircraft flying at air speed V, the formation characterized by respective rearward displacement D.sub.S and lateral displacement D.sub.R of each follower aircraft in formtion from a leader aircraft relative to a formation line of flight, is described which comprises the steps of rolling the leader into the turn at predetermined roll rate for a first time interval t.sub.r to a leader bank angle B.sub.c, maintaining the leader at that bank angle for a second time interval, and rolling the leader out of the turn at the same roll rate for a third time interval equal to the first interval, whereby the leader turns with determinable change in flight direction; and turning the follower in response to the rolling in of the leader by first gradually accelerating or decelerating the follower (depending upon whether on the outside or inside of the turn) to a second air speed from the start of leader roll-in until the earlier of leader roll-out inception and lapse of a time interval of t.sub.r +D.sub.S /V from start of leader roll-in, maintaining the second air speed until start of leader roll-out, and gradually changing the air speed of the follower from the second air speed to that of the leader over a time interval of about t.sub.r +D.sub.S /V from start of leader roll-out, while maintaining level flight from the start of leader roll-in until distance D.sub.S is traversed by the follower; and banking the follower into the turn to a first bank angle while adjacent that portion of the path the leader traversed during leader roll-in, banking the follower into the turn to a second bank angle while adjacent that portion of the path the leader traversed while maintaining bank angle B.sub.c, banking the follower into the turn to a third bank angle while adjacent that portion of the path the leader traversed during leader roll-out, and returning the follower to level flight upon completion of the turn whereby the spacing between the leader and the follower is maintained substantially constant during the turn.