Abstract:
An electrochemical cell is presented. The cell includes a housing formed of a metallic material. A component is disposed within an anode compartment of the cell that contains an alkali metal. The component comprises a sacrificial metal that has an oxidation potential less than the oxidation potential of the housing material. An energy storage device including such an electrochemical cell is also provided.
Abstract:
A positive electrode composition is provided. The positive electrode composition includes at least one electroactive metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, silver, antimony, cadmium, tin, lead, copper, zinc, and combination thereof, an alkali metal halide, and aluminum, present in an amount of at least 0.5 weight percent, based on the weight of the positive electrode composition. Optionally, an amount of sodium iodide of up to about 1.0 weight percent, based on the weight of the sodium halide in the positive electrode composition, is included. The composition may be included in a positive electrode with a molten electrolyte salt comprising the reaction product of an alkali metal halide and an aluminum halide. An energy storage device including the composition is provided, as well as a method of operating the device.
Abstract:
An electrochemical cell is provided that includes a cathode chamber including a cathode material and an ion sequestering material, an anode chamber including a molten alkali metal material and a separator disposed in an ionic conductivity path between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The electrochemical cell demonstrates a reduced increase in discharge resistance.
Abstract:
A positive electrode composition is provided. The positive electrode composition includes at least one electroactive metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, silver, antimony, cadmium, tin, lead, copper, zinc, and combination thereof, an alkali metal halide, and aluminum, present in an amount of at least 0.5 weight percent, based on the weight of the positive electrode composition. Optionally, an amount of sodium iodide of up to about 1.0 weight percent, based on the weight of the sodium halide in the positive electrode composition, is included. The composition may be included in a positive electrode with a molten electrolyte salt comprising the reaction product of an alkali metal halide and an aluminum halide. An energy storage device including the composition is provided, as well as a method of operating the device.
Abstract:
A process for treating an electrochemical cell is presented. The process includes charging the electrochemical cell in a discharged state to at least 20 percent state-of-charge of an accessible capacity of the electrochemical cell at a first temperature to attain the electrochemical cell in a partial state-of-charge or a full state-of-charge and holding the electrochemical cell in the corresponding partial state-of-charge or full state-of-charge at a second temperature. The first temperature and the second temperature are higher than an operating temperature of the electrochemical cell.
Abstract:
An electrochemical cell is presented. The cell includes a housing formed of a metallic material. A component is disposed within an anode compartment of the cell that contains an alkali metal. The component comprises a sacrificial metal that has an oxidation potential less than the oxidation potential of the housing material. An energy storage device including such an electrochemical cell is also provided.
Abstract:
A method of maintaining the performance level of an electrochemical cell is described. The cell usually includes a negative electrode that includes an alkali metal; a positive electrode that includes at least one transition metal halide; a molten salt electrolyte based on an alkali metal haloaluminate; and a sodium ion-conducting solid electrolyte partitioning the positive electrode from the negative electrode. The method is based on a treatment regimen that includes the step of applying a series of electrical cycles to the cell, wherein the series includes at least one deep discharge of the cell. Each discharge of the cell is usually followed by recharging the cell to its available capacity.
Abstract:
A cathode composition is presented. The cathode composition includes an alkali metal halide and an electroactive metal. The electroactive metal includes a first population of particles that is present in a range at least about 50 weight percent of a total weight of the electroactive metal. A specific surface area of the first population of particles is lower than 0.2 m2/g. An electrochemical cell and an energy storage system including the cathode composition are also presented.
Abstract:
A method of maintaining the performance level of an electrochemical cell is described. The cell usually includes a negative electrode that includes an alkali metal; a positive electrode that includes at least one transition metal halide; a molten salt electrolyte based on an alkali metal haloaluminate; and a sodium ion-conducting solid electrolyte partitioning the positive electrode from the negative electrode. The method is based on a treatment regimen that includes the step of applying a series of electrical cycles to the cell, wherein the series includes at least one deep discharge of the cell. Each discharge of the cell is usually followed by recharging the cell to its available capacity.