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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06307666B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09483716
申请日：2000-01-13
IPC分类号： G02F100
CPC分类号： G01R15/242 , G02F1/0322
摘要： A small sized electro-optic voltage sensor capable of accurate measurement of high levels of voltages without contact with a conductor or voltage source is provided. When placed in the presence of an electric field, the sensor receives an input beam of electromagnetic radiation into the sensor. A polarization beam displacer serves as a filter to separate the input beam into two beams with orthogonal linear polarizations. The beam displacer is oriented in such a way as to rotate the linearly polarized beams such that they enter a Pockels crystal at a preferred angle of 45 degrees. The beam displacer is therefore capable of causing a linearly polarized beam to impinge a crystal at a desired angle independent of temperature. The Pockels electro-optic effect induces a differential phase shift on the major and minor axes of the input beam as it travels through the Pockels crystal, which causes the input beam to be elliptically polarized. A reflecting prism redirects the beam back through the crystal and the beam displacer. On the return path, the polarization beam displacer separates the elliptically polarized beam into two output beams of orthogonal linear polarization representing the major and minor axes. In crystals that introduce a phase differential attributable to temperature, a compensating crystal is provided to cancel the effect of temperature on the phase differential of the input beam. The system may include a detector for converting the output beams into electrical signals, and a signal processor for determining the voltage based on an analysis of the output beams. The output beams are amplitude modulated by the frequency of the electric field and the amplitude of the output beams is proportional to the magnitude of the electric field, which is related to the voltage being measured.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种能够精确测量高电平而不与导体或电压源接触的小尺寸电光电压传感器。 当存在电场时，传感器将电磁辐射的输入光束接收到传感器中。 偏振光束置换器用作滤光器，以将输入光束分成具有正交线性偏振的两个光束。 光束置换器被定向成使得线性偏振光束旋转，使得它们以45度的优选角度进入普克尔斯晶体。 因此，光束置换器能够使线性偏振光束以独立于温度的期望角度撞击晶体。 Pockels电光效应在输入光束穿过普克尔斯晶体时，在输入光束的主轴和短轴上产生差分相移，这导致输入光束被椭圆偏振。 反射棱镜通过晶体和光束置换器将光束重定向。 在返回路径上，偏振光束置换器将椭圆偏振光束分成两个表示主轴和短轴的正交线性偏振的输出光束。 在引入归因于温度的相位差的晶体中，提供补偿晶体以消除温度对输入光束的相位差的影响。 该系统可以包括用于将输出光束转换成电信号的检测器，以及用于基于输出光束的分析来确定电压的信号处理器。 输出光束由电场的频率进行幅度调制，并且输出光束的幅度与电场的幅度成正比，这与被测电压有关。
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公开(公告)号：US07034302B2
公开(公告)日：2006-04-25
申请号：US10251318
申请日：2002-09-19
申请人： James R. Davidson , Judy K. Partin
发明人： James R. Davidson , Judy K. Partin
IPC分类号： G01J5/02
CPC分类号： G01N21/359 , G01N21/3577
摘要： An optical measurement system is presented that offers precision on-line monitoring of the quality of steam. Multiple wavelengths of radiant energy are passed through the steam from an emitter to a detector. By comparing the amount of radiant energy absorbed by the flow of steam for each wavelength, a highly accurate measurement of the steam quality can be determined on a continuous basis in real-time. In an embodiment of the present invention, the emitter, comprises three separate radiant energy sources for transmitting specific wavelengths of radiant energy through the steam. In a further embodiment, the wavelengths of radiant energy are combined into a single beam of radiant energy for transmission through the steam using time or wavelength division multiplexing. In yet a further embodiment, the single beam of radiant energy is transmitted using specialized optical elements.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种提供精度在线监测蒸汽质量的光学测量系统。 多个波长的辐射能量通过蒸汽从发射器传递到检测器。 通过比较每个波长的蒸汽流吸收的辐射能量，可以实时地连续地确定蒸汽质量的高精度测量。 在本发明的一个实施例中，发射器包括三个独立的辐射能源，用于通过蒸汽传输特定波长的辐射能。 在另一个实施例中，辐射能的波长被组合成单个辐射能量束，以便通过使用时间或波分复用的蒸汽传输。 在另一个实施例中，使用专门的光学元件传输单个辐射能量束。
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公开(公告)号：US5153647A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-06
申请号：US722427
申请日：1991-06-27
申请人： Laurence S. Barker , Thomas J. Behe , Daniel M. Bray , James R. Davidson , Jeffrey J. Folkins , Gerald M. Kryk , Joseph G. Schram
发明人： Laurence S. Barker , Thomas J. Behe , Daniel M. Bray , James R. Davidson , Jeffrey J. Folkins , Gerald M. Kryk , Joseph G. Schram
CPC分类号： G03G15/0803 , G03G2215/0643
摘要： An apparatus which develops an electrostatic latent image recorded on a photoconductive member with toner particles. A donor member is spaced from the photoconductive member and transports toner particles to a development zone adjacent the photoconductive member. Electrode wires are positioned in the development zone between the photoconductive member and the donor member. The electrode wires are electrically biased to detach toner particles from the donor member to form a cloud of toner particles in the development zone. Toner particles detached from the toner particle cloud develop the latent image. The electrode wires are adjustably supported in tension adjacent the donor member.
摘要翻译： 用调色剂颗粒显影记录在感光体上的静电潜像的装置。 供体构件与感光体间隔开并将调色剂颗粒传送到与感光体相邻的显影区。 电极导线位于感光体和供体构件之间的显影区中。 电极线被电偏置以从供体构件分离调色剂颗粒，以在显影区域中形成调色剂颗粒云。 从调色剂颗粒云分离的调色剂颗粒产生潜像。 电极线可靠地被支撑在供体构件附近。
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公开(公告)号：US06621258B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-16
申请号：US10100391
申请日：2002-03-15
申请人： James R. Davidson , Gary D. Seifert
发明人： James R. Davidson , Gary D. Seifert
IPC分类号： G01R3100
CPC分类号： G01R15/24
摘要： A small sized electro-optic voltage sensor capable of accurate measurement of high voltages without contact with a conductor or voltage source is provided. When placed in the presence of an electric field, the sensor receives an input beam of electromagnetic radiation. A polarization beam displacer separates the input beam into two beams with orthogonal linear polarizations and causes one linearly polarized beam to impinge a crystal at a desired angle independent of temperature. The Pockels effect elliptically polarizes the beam as it travels through the crystal. A reflector redirects the beam back through the crystal and the beam displacer. On the return path, the polarization beam displacer separates the elliptically polarized beam into two output beams of orthogonal linear polarization. The system may include a detector for converting the output beams into electrical signals and a signal processor for determining the voltage based on an analysis of the output beams.
摘要翻译： 提供了能够精确测量高电压而不与导体或电压源接触的小尺寸电光电压传感器。 当放置在电场的情况下，传感器接收输入的电磁辐射束。 偏振光束置换器将输入光束分离成具有正交线性偏振的两个光束，并且使得一个线性偏振光束以独立于温度的期望角度撞击晶体。 波克尔效应在波束穿过晶体时椭圆偏振。 反射器通过晶体和光束置换器重新引导光束。 在返回路径上，偏振光束置换器将椭圆偏振光束分离为两个正交线性偏振的输出光束。 该系统可以包括用于将输出光束转换成电信号的检测器和用于基于输出光束的分析来确定电压的信号处理器。
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公开(公告)号：US6124706A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-26
申请号：US870512
申请日：1997-06-06
CPC分类号： G01R15/242 , G01R1/071
摘要： A miniature electro-optic voltage sensor system capable of accurate operation at high voltages without use of the dedicated voltage dividing hardware. The invention achieves voltage measurement without significant error contributions from neighboring conductors or environmental perturbations. The invention employs a transmitter, a sensor, a detector, and a signal processor. The transmitter produces a beam of electromagnetic radiation which is routed into the sensor. Within the sensor the beam undergoes the Pockels electro-optic effect. The electro-optic effect produces a modulation of the beam's polarization, which is in turn converted to a pair of independent conversely-amplitude-modulated signals, from which the voltage of the E-field is determined by the signal processor. The use of converse AM signals enables the signal processor to better distinguish signal from noise.The sensor converts the beam by splitting the beam in accordance with the axes of the beam's polarization state (an ellipse) into at least two AM signals. These AM signals are fed into a signal processor and processed to determine the voltage between a ground conductor and the conductor on which voltage is being measured.
摘要翻译： 一种微型电光电压传感器系统，能够在不使用专用分压硬件的情况下在高电压下进行精确的运行。 本发明实现了电压测量，而没有来自相邻导体或环境扰动的显着误差贡献。 本发明采用发射器，传感器，检测器和信号处理器。 发射器产生电磁辐射束，其被传送到传感器中。 在传感器内，光束经受Pockels电光效应。 电光效应产生光束偏振的调制，其进而被转换成一对独立的相反幅度调制的信号，由该信号处理器确定电场的电压。 使用相反的AM信号使信号处理器更好地区分信号和噪声。 传感器通过将光束的偏振状态（椭圆）的轴分成至少两个AM信号而将光束分割成光束。 这些AM信号被馈送到信号处理器中并被处理以确定接地导体和正在测量电压的导体之间的电压。
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公开(公告)号：US4034701A
公开(公告)日：1977-07-12
申请号：US266875
申请日：1972-06-28
IPC分类号： G03G15/08
CPC分类号： G03G15/0886 , G03G15/0872 , G03G15/0877 , Y10S222/01
摘要： An apparatus in which a quantity of particles is stored for being dispensed gradually therefrom. The particles remain stored therein when the apparatus is stationary, and are discharged therefrom when the apparatus undergoes oscillatory movement.
摘要翻译： 其中一定量的颗粒被储存以逐渐分配的装置。 当设备静止时，颗粒保持存储在其中，并且当设备经历振荡运动时，颗粒从其中排出。
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公开(公告)号：US06388434B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-14
申请号：US09483838
申请日：2000-01-17
申请人： James R. Davidson , Gary D. Seifert
发明人： James R. Davidson , Gary D. Seifert
IPC分类号： G01R3100
CPC分类号： G01R15/24
摘要： A small sized electro-optic voltage sensor capable of accurate measurement of high levels of voltages without contact with a conductor or voltage source is provided. When placed in the presence of an electric field, the sensor receives an input beam of electromagnetic radiation into the sensor. A polarization beam displacer serves as a filter to separate the input beam into two beams with orthogonal linear polarizations. The beam displacer is oriented in such a way as to rotate the linearly polarized beams such that they enter a Pockels crystal having at a preferred angle of 45 degrees. The beam displacer is therefore capable of causing a linearly polarized beam to impinge a crystal at a desired angle independent of temperature. The Pockels electro-optic effect induces a differential phase shift on the major and minor axes of the input beam as it travels through the Pockels crystal, which causes the input beam to be elliptically polarized. A reflecting prism redirects the beam back through the crystal and the beam displacer. On the return path, the polarization beam displacer separates the elliptically polarized beam into two output beams of orthogonal linear polarization representing the major and minor axes. The system may include a detector for converting the output beams into electrical signals, and a signal processor for determining the voltage based on an analysis of the output beams. The output beams are amplitude modulated by the frequency of the electric field and the amplitude of the output beams is proportional to the magnitude of the electric field, which is related to the voltage being measured.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种能够精确测量高电平而不与导体或电压源接触的小尺寸电光电压传感器。 当存在电场时，传感器将电磁辐射的输入光束接收到传感器中。 偏振光束置换器用作滤光器，以将输入光束分成具有正交线性偏振的两个光束。 光束置换器被定向成使线性偏振光束旋转，使得它们进入具有45度的优选角度的普克尔斯晶体。 因此，光束置换器能够使线性偏振光束以独立于温度的期望角度撞击晶体。 Pockels电光效应在输入光束穿过普克尔斯晶体时，在输入光束的主轴和短轴上产生差分相移，这导致输入光束被椭圆偏振。 反射棱镜通过晶体和光束置换器将光束重定向。 在返回路径上，偏振光束置换器将椭圆偏振光束分成两个表示主轴和短轴的正交线性偏振的输出光束。 该系统可以包括用于将输出光束转换成电信号的检测器，以及用于基于输出光束的分析来确定电压的信号处理器。 输出光束由电场的频率进行幅度调制，并且输出光束的幅度与电场的幅度成正比，这与被测电压有关。
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公开(公告)号：US06362615B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09386937
申请日：1999-08-31
IPC分类号： G01R1524
CPC分类号： G01R15/242 , G01R1/071
摘要： A miniature electro-optic voltage sensor and system capable of accurate operation at high voltages has a sensor body disposed in an E-field. The body receives a source beam of electromagnetic radiation. A polarization beam displacer separates the source light beam into two beams with orthogonal linear polarizations. A wave plate rotates the linear polarization to rotated polarization. A transducer utilizes Pockels electro-optic effect and induces a differential phase shift on the major and minor axes of the rotated polarization in response to the E-field. A prism redirects the beam back through the transducer, wave plate, and polarization beam displacer. The prism also converts the rotated polarization to circular or elliptical polarization. The wave plate rotates the major and minor axes of the circular or elliptical polarization to linear polarization. The polarization beam displacer separates the beam into two beams of orthogonal linear polarization representing the major and minor axes. The system may have a transmitter for producing the beam of electro-magnetic radiation; a detector for converting the two beams into electrical signals; and a signal processor for determining the voltage.
摘要翻译： 能够在高电压下精确操作的微型电光电压传感器和系统具有设置在电场中的传感器体。 身体接收电磁辐射源束。 偏振光束置换器将源光束分离成具有正交线性偏振的两个光束。 波片将线性偏振旋转为旋转极化。 传感器利用普克尔斯电光效应，并响应于电场在旋转极化的主轴和短轴上引起微分相移。 棱镜通过传感器，波片和偏振光束置换器将光束重定向。 棱镜还将旋转的偏振转换为圆形或椭圆偏振。 波片将圆形或椭圆形极化的主轴和短轴旋转为线偏振。 偏振光束置换器将光束分成两个表示主轴和短轴的正交线偏振光束。 该系统可以具有用于产生电磁辐射束的发射器; 用于将两个光束转换成电信号的检测器; 以及用于确定电压的信号处理器。
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公开(公告)号：US5939711A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-17
申请号：US988247
申请日：1997-12-10
CPC分类号： G01R15/242 , G01R1/071 , G02F1/03 , G02F1/0305
摘要： The invention is an electro-optic voltage sensor head designed for integration with existing types of high voltage transmission and distribution apparatus. The sensor head contains a transducer, which comprises a transducing material in which the Pockels electro-optic effect is observed. In the practice of the invention at least one beam of electromagnetic radiation is routed into the transducing material of the transducer in the sensor head. The beam undergoes an electro-optic effect in the sensor head when the transducing material is subjected to an E-field. The electro-optic effect is observed as a differential phase a shift, also called differential phase modulation, of the beam components in orthogonal planes of the electromagnetic radiation. In the preferred embodiment the beam is routed through the transducer along an initial axis and then reflected by a retro-reflector back substantially parallel to the initial axis, making a double pass through the transducer for increased measurement sensitivity. The preferred embodiment of the sensor head also includes a polarization state rotator and at least one beam splitter for orienting the beam along major and minor axes and for splitting the beam components into two signals which are independent converse amplitude-modulated signals carrying E-field magnitude and hence voltage information from the sensor head by way of optic fibers.
摘要翻译： 本发明是设计用于与现有类型的高压输配电装置集成的电光电压传感器头。 传感器头包含换能器，其包括其中观察到Pockels电光效应的换能材料。 在本发明的实践中，至少一束电磁辐射被传送到传感器头中的换能器的换能材料中。 当传感材料经受电场时，光束在传感器头中经受电光效应。 电光效应被观察为电磁辐射的正交平面中的光束分量的差分相位，也称为差分相位调制。 在优选实施例中，光束沿着初始轴线被引导通过换能器，然后被基本上平行于初始轴线的后向反射器反射回来，从而双重通过换能器以增加测量灵敏度。 传感器头的优选实施例还包括偏振状态旋转器和用于沿着主轴和短轴定向光束的至少一个分束器，并且用于将束分量分成两个独立的相反的幅度调制信号，这两个信号承载电场幅度 并且因此通过光纤通过传感器头的电压信息。
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10.发明申请SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIA FOR MONITORING COMMUNICATIONS ON A NETWORK 审中-公开用于监控网络通信的系统，方法和计算机可读介质公开(公告)号：US20120304130A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-29
申请号：US13478343
申请日：2012-05-23
IPC分类号： G06F15/173 , G06F3/048
CPC分类号： H04L43/026 , H04L43/045 , H04L43/06 , H04L63/308
摘要： Network monitoring systems, computer-readable storage media, and methods monitor a network. Communication data is captured from the network in a substantially passive manner. The communication data is organized to represent a plurality of conversations between a plurality of hosts on the network. Each conversation of the plurality includes a first address of a first host of the plurality of hosts, a service port identifier on the first host, and a second address of a second host of the plurality of hosts. Information correlated to at least some of the plurality of conversations is presented on a graphical user interface.
摘要翻译： 网络监控系统，计算机可读存储介质和方法监控网络。 以基本被动的方式从网络捕获通信数据。 通信数据被组织以表示网络上的多个主机之间的多个对话。 多个的每个会话包括多个主机中的第一主机的第一地址，第一主机上的服务端口标识符和多个主机中的第二主机的第二地址。 与图形用户界面中的至少一些对话相关的信息被呈现。
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