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    Process for the multiple zone gasification of coal
    3.
    发明授权
    Process for the multiple zone gasification of coal 失效
    煤层多区气化的工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4099933A

    公开(公告)日：1978-07-11

    申请号：US585696

    申请日：1975-06-10

    申请人： Clarence A. Johnson ,  John Shen

    发明人： Clarence A. Johnson ,  John Shen

    IPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/84

    CPC分类号： C10J3/84 ,  C10J3/503 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/721 ,  C10J2300/0903 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y10S48/04

    摘要： The gasification of coal to produce a methane-rich product gas is accomplished through the controlled slow heating of particulate coal in a gasifier comprising two or more zones, whereby any significant decrease in the density of the coal particles is minimized and particle swelling and friability are significantly reduced, while the carryover of fines and deposition of tars in the product gas conduit are thereby minimized. The particulate coal heating rate in the gasifier zones is usually between about 10.degree. and 200.degree. F per minute. When the particulate coal is to be fed to the gasifier at elevated temperature, further improvements are achieved with swelling type caking coals through their pretreatment by preheating the coal at a slow rate between 10.degree. and 100.degree. F per minute up to about 800.degree. F in multiple fluidized beds. Any carryover of fines in the product gas stream from the uppermost zone of the gasifier is further reduced by utilizing either a solids separation step or a scrubbing step in the gas stream. The coal particles and/or tars thus recovered are returned to a high temperature zone of the gasifier.

    摘要翻译： 通过在包括两个或更多个区域的气化器中对颗粒煤的受控缓慢加热来实现煤的气化以产生富甲烷产物气体，由此煤颗粒密度的任何显着降低最小化并且颗粒膨胀和脆性是 显着地减少了，同时在产品气体导管中的细粒和焦油沉积由此最小化。 气化器区域中的颗粒状煤的加热速度通常为每分钟约10°F至200°F。 当颗粒煤在升高的温度下进入气化器时，通过使用膨胀型结块煤进行预处理，可以进一步改进，通过预热煤，以每分钟10°F至100°F至约800°F 在多个流化床中。 通过利用气流中的固体分离步骤或洗涤步骤，进一步减少来自气化器最上部区域的产物气流中的细粉的残留。 如此回收的煤颗粒和/或焦油返回到气化器的高温区域。

    Method for raising the hypoxic threshold
    5.
    发明授权
    Method for raising the hypoxic threshold 有权
    提高缺氧阈值的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06218366B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-04-17

    申请号：US09406266

    申请日：1999-09-24

    申请人： John St. Cyr ,  Clarence A. Johnson ,  Dean J. MacCarter ,  Stephen G. Sawada

    发明人： John St. Cyr ,  Clarence A. Johnson ,  Dean J. MacCarter ,  Stephen G. Sawada

    IPC分类号： A61K3170

    CPC分类号： A61K33/06 ,  A61K31/7004 ,  A61K45/06 ,  A61K31/195 ,  A61K2300/00

    摘要： The administration of ribose raises the hypoxic threshold of mammals experiencing a hypoxic condition. The presence of an effective amount of ribose in the tissue of a mammal increases the tolerance to hypoxia and decreases the symptoms of hypoxia in mammals experiencing chronic hypoxia due to cardiovascular disease or peripheral vascular disease. Such mammals are additionally benefited by administration of ribose and a vasodilator or an isotropic agent. Mammals experiencing transient hypoxia from high altitude, anesthesia or exercise are also benefited.

    摘要翻译： 核糖的施用提高了经历缺氧条件的哺乳动物的缺氧阈值。 在哺乳动物组织中存在有效量的核糖增加对缺氧的耐受性，并降低由于心血管疾病或外周血管疾病而经历慢性缺氧的哺乳动物的缺氧症状。 通过给予核糖和血管扩张剂或各向同性剂，这些哺乳动物另外受益。 从高空，麻醉或运动中经历短暂缺氧的哺乳动物也受益匪浅。

    Compositions for increasing energy in vivo
    8.
    发明授权
    Compositions for increasing energy in vivo 有权
    用于增加体内能量的组合物

    公开(公告)号：US06534480B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-03-18

    申请号：US09740255

    申请日：2000-12-18

    申请人： John St. Cyr ,  Clarence A. Johnson

    发明人： John St. Cyr ,  Clarence A. Johnson

    IPC分类号： A61K3170

    CPC分类号： A61K31/7004 ,  A23L33/10 ,  A23V2002/00 ,  A23V2250/626 ,  A23V2250/161 ,  A23V2250/306 ,  A23V2250/0606 ,  A23V2250/0612

    摘要： Precursors of adenosine triphosphate are administered orally to increase intracellular ATP concentration as dietary supplements or for treatment of reduced energy availability resulting from strenuous physical activity, illness or trauma. Pentose sugars are administered individually, mixed into dry food or in solution. The preferred pentose is D-ribose, singly or combined with creatine, pyruvate, L-carnitine and/or vasodilating agents. Additionally, magnesium, electrolytes, fatty acids and hexose sugars can be used. The compositions and methods of this invention are especially beneficial to mammals having reduced energy availability or high energy demand.

    摘要翻译： 口服三磷酸腺苷的前体以增加细胞内ATP浓度作为膳食补充剂或用于治疗由剧烈的身体活动，疾病或创伤引起的能量可用性降低。 戊糖分别单独施用，混入干燥食物或溶液中。 优选的戊糖是D-核糖，单独或与肌酸，丙酮酸，L-肉毒碱和/或血管舒张剂组合。 另外，可以使用镁，电解质，脂肪酸和己糖。 本发明的组合物和方法对具有降低的能量可用性或高能量需求的哺乳动物特别有益。

    Coal passivation process
    10.
    发明授权
    Coal passivation process 失效
    煤钝化工艺

    公开(公告)号：US3985517A

    公开(公告)日：1976-10-12

    申请号：US606258

    申请日：1975-08-20

    申请人： Clarence A. Johnson

    发明人： Clarence A. Johnson

    IPC分类号： C10L9/00 ,  C10L9/10 ,  F26B3/08

    CPC分类号： C10L9/00 ,  C10L9/10

    摘要： Low rank coals such as subbituminous or lignites containing more than about 10 weight percent moisture are dried and passivated against reabsorption of moisture in a fluidized bed by heating the particulate coal with a warm inert gas passing upwardly through the bed and simultaneously coating the warm particulate coal with a heavy liquid hydrocarbon material. Such coating aids in the removal of the moisture and prevents the reabsorption of moisture by the coal and thereby prevents consequential heating and possibly spontaneous ignition of the coal during its subsequent transportation or storage.

    摘要翻译： 将低等级煤如含有大于约10重量％水分的次烟或褐煤干燥并钝化，以通过向上通过床加热颗粒煤加热颗粒煤，同时涂覆暖颗粒煤 与重液态碳氢化合物材料。 这种涂层有助于除去水分并防止煤中的水分的再吸收，从而防止随后的运输或储存期间煤的相继加热和可能的自发点燃。