公开(公告)号：US4798446A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-17

申请号：US95715

申请日：1987-09-14

Applicant: Michael C. Hettrick

Inventor： Michael C. Hettrick

IPC: G02B5/18 ,  G01B5/18

CPC classification number: G02B5/1861 ,  G02B5/1838

Abstract: A reflection diffraction grating having a series of transverse minute grooves of progressively varying spacing along a concave surface enables use of such gratings for X-ray or longer wavelength imaging of objects. The variable groove spacing establishes aplanatism or substantially uniform magnification across the optical aperture. The grating may be used, for example, in X-ray microscopes or telescopes of the imaging type and in X-ray microprobes. Increased spatial resolution and field of view may be realized in X-ray imaging.

Abstract translation: 具有沿着凹表面具有逐渐变化的间隔的一系列横向微小凹槽的反射衍射光栅使得能够使用这种光栅用于物体的X射线或更长波长的成像。 可变凹槽间隔在光学孔径上建立了平面化或基本均匀的放大率。 光栅可用于例如X射线显微镜或成像类型的望远镜以及X射线微探针中。 可以在X射线成像中实现增加的空间分辨率和视野。

公开(公告)号：US4991934A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-12

申请号：US392428

申请日：1989-08-10

Applicant: Michael C. Hettrick

Inventor： Michael C. Hettrick

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G02B5/18

CPC classification number: G02B5/1861 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/069 ,  G01J2003/1847 ,  G01J2003/1852 ,  G01J3/1804

Abstract: An optical system and method comprising a diffraction grating which consists of diffracting elements spaced from one another by unequal distances. Correction of residual defocusing in the image produced by such a grating is accomplished by translating it along its surface. As one embodiment, a monochromator is constructed on which a self-focusing grating scans the value in wavelength which is transmitted between fixed slits by rotation of the grating about an axis fixed in space. Combined with a translation of the grating along its surface, such a monochromator produces a symmetrical image exactly in focus at the exit slit for all scanned wavelengths.

Abstract translation: 一种光学系统和方法，包括衍射光栅，该衍射光栅由衍射元件彼此间隔不等距离组成。 通过这种光栅产生的图像中的残余散焦的校正是通过沿其表面平移来实现的。 作为一个实施例，构建单色仪，其上自聚焦光栅通过围绕固定在空间中的轴旋转光栅扫描在固定狭缝之间传输的波长值。 结合光栅沿着其表面的平移，这样的单色仪在所有扫描波长的出射狭缝处产生精确对焦的对称图像。

公开(公告)号：US5274435A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

申请号：US841421

申请日：1992-02-26

Applicant: Michael C. Hettrick

Inventor： Michael C. Hettrick

IPC: G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/20 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G21K1/06

CPC classification number: G02B5/1861 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/189 ,  G01J3/20 ,  G21K1/06 ,  G21K2201/06 ,  G21K2201/064

Abstract: An optical system and method comprising a diffraction grating which rotates about its surface normal to change the magnitude of the wavelength diffracted to an image location. At grazing incidence, such a rotation is determined to maintain the diffracted image in focus over a wide range in scanned wavelength. Monochromator and spectrometer embodiments include plane and curved surface gratings with both classical and varied-spaced groove patterns, and a variety of illumination geometries. In the simplest case, a grazing incidence monochromator is constructed in which a self-focusing classical spherical grating scans the value in wavelength which is transmitted between fixed slits located on the Rowland circle of the grating. The diffracted image remains in perfect focus over two octaves in wavelength at high efficiency, with both entrance and exit slits fixed in position, and the radiation aperture is constant.

Abstract translation: 一种光学系统和方法，包括围绕其表面法线旋转的衍射光栅，以将衍射的波长的大小改变为图像位置。 在掠入射处，确定这样的旋转以使衍射图像在扫描波长的宽范围内保持焦点。 单色器和光谱仪实施例包括具有经典和不同间隔的凹槽图案的平面和曲面光栅以及各种照明几何形状。 在最简单的情况下，构建了掠入射单色仪，其中自聚焦经典球形光栅扫描位于光栅的罗兰圆上的固定狭缝之间传输的波长值。 衍射图像以高效率保持在两个八度波长上的完美对焦，入射和出射狭缝均固定在适当位置，辐射孔径恒定。

公开(公告)号：US4776696A

公开(公告)日：1988-10-11

申请号：US28564

申请日：1987-03-20

Applicant: Michael C. Hettrick ,  James H. Underwood

Inventor： Michael C. Hettrick ,  James H. Underwood

IPC: G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/18 ,  G01J2003/1847

Abstract: An optical system for use in a spectrometer or monochromator employing a mirror which reflects electromagnetic radiation from a source to converge with same in a plane. A straight grooved, varied-spaced diffraction grating receives the converging electromagnetic radiation from the mirror and produces a spectral image for capture by a detector, target or like receiver.

Abstract translation: 一种用于使用反射镜的光谱仪或单色仪的光学系统，该反射镜反射来自光源的电磁辐射以在平面内与其同步。 一个直槽，不同间距的衍射光栅接收来自反射镜的会聚电磁辐射，并产生用于由检测器，目标或类似接收器捕获的光谱图像。