公开(公告)号：US4848906A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-18

申请号：US9922

申请日：1987-02-02

Applicant: Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01H9/00 ,  G01V1/20

CPC classification number: G01M11/39 ,  G01H9/004 ,  G01V1/201

Abstract: An all fiber optic hydrophone or sensor array has significant size, cost, reliability, and operational advantages over other hydrophone arrays. The array comprises a distributed network of appropriately coiled optical fiber encased in commercially available marine cable. The terminal end of the sensor array preferably contains a modulated miniature solid-state laser diode and photodetector matrix which mate to power and multiplexing electronics. The distributed sensor assembly itself is entirely passive. The hydrophone array comprises an optical signal source and at least one transmitting optical fiber for guiding signals output from the optical signal source. The array further includes a plurality of sensing interferometers coupled to the transmit optical fiber and means for measuring differential changes in the optical path of each sensing interfereometer. The hydrophone array comprises means for superimposing signals output from each sensing interferometer, and a detector for converting optical signals in the receive fiber into electrical signals. The signal processing system in the array includes a compensating interferometer having optical phase modulating means formed in one arm thereof.

公开(公告)号：US20120236286A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-20

申请号：US13051676

申请日：2011-03-18

Applicant: Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01C3/08

CPC classification number: F41G3/323 ,  F41G1/54

Abstract: A device including an optical laser radiation source that emits laser radiation having a radially symmetric intensity profile and a mounting structure that engages a weapon barrel. An optical receiver including photodetectors located equidistant from and surrounding a central target site is locatable remote from the weapon. The photodetectors are sensitive to the laser radiation and each photodetector generates an electrical signal proportional to an intensity of the laser radiation received from the laser radiation source. A signal processor processes the electrical signals from the photodetectors to generate an intensity gradient indicating comparative intensity of the laser radiation that is detected by the photodetectors. The intensity gradient presents a null point when the intensity detected by at least two compared photodetectors is equal. A communicative link exists between the optical laser radiation source and the optical receiver. Synchronous modulation-demodulation of the laser source and detectors assists in optical noise exclusion.

Abstract translation: 一种包括发射具有径向对称强度分布的激光辐射的光学激光辐射源和与武器枪管接合的安装结构的装置。 包括位于距离中心目标位置等距离并且围绕中心目标位置的光电检测器的光学接收器可远离武器定位。 光电检测器对激光辐射敏感，并且每个光电检测器产生与从激光辐射源接收的激光辐射的强度成比例的电信号。 信号处理器处理来自光电检测器的电信号以产生指示由光电检测器检测的激光辐射的比较强度的强度梯度。 当由至少两个比较的光电检测器检测到的强度相等时，强度梯度呈现零点。 在光学激光辐射源和光接收器之间存在通信链路。 激光源和检测器的同步调制解调有助于光噪声排除。

公开(公告)号：US4775216A

公开(公告)日：1988-10-04

申请号：US9960

申请日：1987-02-02

Applicant: Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01D5/353 ,  G02B6/16

CPC classification number: G01D5/35383

Abstract: A fiber optic sensor array comprises a single transmit optical fiber for guiding an incident optical signal through a plurality of sensing segments in the transmit optical fiber arranged in a series array. The sensor array may includes a single return optical fiber, or the sensors may be arranged in groups with all the member of one group being connected to a corresponding return fiber. Optical couplers formed between the transmit and return optical fibers couple a portion of the incident signal into the return fiber after the signal propagates through each sensing segment. A loop is formed in the transmit fiber at each optical coupler so that the incident signal travels through the sensing segments in one direction and through the return fiber in the opposite direction. The couplers may be identical and may be have either symmertical or asymmetrical coupling coefficients. Asymmetrical couplers may be used to attenuate the intensities of undesired signals that recirculate in the loops of the array.

公开(公告)号：US6003373A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-21

申请号：US172099

申请日：1998-10-13

Applicant: Robert H. Moore ,  Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Robert H. Moore ,  Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01C19/5614 ,  G01P9/04

CPC classification number: G01C19/5614

Abstract: A closed loop sensor that utilizes a piezoelectric structure. In one embodiment, drive/non-control electrodes apply drive voltages to the piezoelectric structure and drive/control electrodes apply drive/control voltages to the piezoelectric structure to cause drive mode displacement of the piezoelectric structure and cancel motion induced pickup mode and quadrature displacements of the piezoelectric structure. In another embodiment, pickup/control electrodes detect a pickup signal from the piezoelectric structure corresponding to the motion induced pickup mode and quadrature displacements and apply a control signal to the piezoelectric structure so as to cancel these displacements. In still another embodiment of the invention, an optical sensing device optically senses the motion induced pickup mode and quadrature displacements and control electrodes apply a control signal to the piezoelectric structure so as to cancel them.

Abstract translation: 一种利用压电结构的闭环传感器。 在一个实施例中，驱动/非控制电极向压电结构施加驱动电压，并且驱动/控制电极向压电结构施加驱动/控制电压，以使压电结构的驱动模式位移并且消除运动感应拾取模式和正交位移 压电结构。 在另一个实施例中，拾取/控制电极从对应于运动感应拾取模式和正交位移的压电结构检测拾取信号，并向压电结构施加控制信号以消除这些位移。 在本发明的另一个实施例中，光学感测装置光学地感测运动感应拾取模式和正交位移，并且控制电极向压电结构施加控制信号以消除它们。

公开(公告)号：US5850035A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-15

申请号：US827836

申请日：1997-04-11

Applicant: Michael R. Layton ,  Timothy R. Hilby ,  G. Richard Newell

Inventor： Michael R. Layton ,  Timothy R. Hilby ,  G. Richard Newell

IPC: G01C19/5614 ,  G01P9/04

CPC classification number: G01C19/5614

Abstract: A closed loop sensor that utilizes a piezoelectric structure. In one embodiment, drive/non-control electrodes apply drive voltages to the piezoelectric structure and drive/control electrodes apply drive/control voltages to the piezoelectric structure to cause drive mode displacement of the piezoelectric structure and cancel motion induced pickup mode and quadrature displacements of the piezoelectric structure. In another embodiment, pickup/control electrodes detect a pickup signal from the piezoelectric structure corresponding to the motion induced pickup mode and quadrature displacements and apply a control signal to the piezoelectric structure so as to cancel these displacements. In still another embodiment of the invention, an optical sensing device optically senses the motion induced pickup mode and quadrature displacements and control electrodes apply a control signal to the piezoelectric structure so as to cancel them.

公开(公告)号：US5011262A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-30

申请号：US509236

申请日：1990-04-16

Applicant: Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01D5/353 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G02B6/28

CPC classification number: G01D5/35383 ,  G01H9/004 ,  G02B6/2861

Abstract: A fiber optic array for detecting and communicating the state of a plurality of spatically remote variables includes a plurality of switchable optical couplers. The couplers are located between fiber optic sense coils that cause responsive phase shifts in optical pulses launched through the array. The couplers are controlled by the parallel outputs of shift registers so that a coupler is only "on" for the period of time required to couple out a portion of the optical energy of a pulse after passage through the adjacent sense coil and is thereafter shut "off" to minimize crosstalk between the sensors and to optimize the output optical power.

Abstract translation: 用于检测和通信多个静态远程变量的状态的光纤阵列包括多个可切换光耦合器。 耦合器位于光纤感测线圈之间，其在通过阵列发射的光脉冲中引起响应相移。 耦合器由移位寄存器的并行输出控制，使得耦合器仅在通过相邻感测线圈之后将脉冲的光能量的一部分耦合出来所需的时间段仅“接通”，并且此后关闭“ 关闭“以最小化传感器之间的串扰并优化输出光功率。

公开(公告)号：US5218418A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-08

申请号：US785589

申请日：1991-10-30

Applicant: Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01B9/02 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01L11/02

CPC classification number: G01D5/35303 ,  G01H9/004 ,  G01L11/025

Abstract: Two substantially identical optical fiber interferometers, preferably packaged together and exposed to the same parameter to be measured, wherein an increase of the field quantity to be measured causes an increase of the delay time difference of one interferometer and a decrease of the delay time difference of the other interferometer. Demodulator means is connected to the outputs of the interferometers to demodulate the phase-modulated signals from each of the interferometers, and electronic differencing means is connected to receive the demodulated signals from the demodulator means to difference one of the signals from the other to enhance the measured signals relative to the laser-induced noise signals.

Abstract translation: 两个基本上相同的光纤干涉仪，优选地封装在一起并暴露于要测量的相同参数，其中待测量的场量的增加导致一个干涉仪的延迟时间差的增加和延迟时间差的减小 另一个干涉仪。 解调器装置连接到干涉仪的输出端，以对来自每个干涉仪的相位调制信号进行解调，电子差分装置被连接以从解调器装置接收解调信号，从而使另一个信号与另一信号不同 相对于激光引起的噪声信号的测量信号。

公开(公告)号：US5155548A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-13

申请号：US526815

申请日：1990-05-22

Applicant: Bruce A. Danver ,  Jeffrey D. Lastofka ,  Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Bruce A. Danver ,  Jeffrey D. Lastofka ,  Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01D5/353 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G01P15/093 ,  G01P15/18

CPC classification number: G01H9/004 ,  G01D5/35383 ,  G01P15/093 ,  G01P15/18

Abstract: A mismatched path length fiber optic interferometer is optically coupled to an optical fiber and configured to form an omnidirectional acoustic sensor. A second mismatched path length fiber optic interferometer is optically coupled to the optical fiber and configured as a first gradient sensor. A second fiber optic gradient sensor is also optically coupled to the optical fiber. A detector optically coupled to the omnidirectional acoustic sensor and to the gradient sensors converts optical signals output therefrom to electrical signals indicative of the magnitude and direction of changes in an acoustic field. The omnidirectional acoustic sensor may include a length of optical fiber wrapped around the housing while the gradient sensors are mounted inside the housing. The housing perferably has a volume that is adjustable for controlling the buoyancy thereof. Each gradient sensor preferably comprises a pair of mandrels formed to enclose chambers. Optical fiber coils are formed on the mandrels. Both the chambers are filled with a fluid and placed in fluid communication through a tube that defines a sensing axis between the mandrels such that acceleration of the housing along the first sensing axis causes a fluid pressure differential on the first and second optical fiber coils.

Abstract translation: 不匹配的路径长度光纤干涉仪光耦合到光纤并被配置成形成全向声学传感器。 第二个不匹配的路径长度光纤干涉仪光耦合到光纤并被配置为第一梯度传感器。 第二光纤梯度传感器也光耦合到光纤。 光学耦合到全向声学传感器和梯度传感器的检测器将从其输出的光信号转换成指示声场的变化的大小和方向的电信号。 全向声学传感器可以包括围绕壳体缠绕的一段光纤，同时梯度传感器安装在壳体内。 壳体优选地具有可调节的体积，用于控制其浮力。 每个梯度传感器优选地包括形成为包围室的一对心轴。 光纤线圈形成在心轴上。 两个腔室都填充有流体并且通过限定在心轴之间的感测轴线的管流体连通，使得壳体沿着第一感测轴线的加速度导致第一和第二光纤线圈上的流体压力差。

公开(公告)号：US5039221A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-13

申请号：US375323

申请日：1989-07-03

Applicant: Michael R. Layton ,  James S. Bunn, Jr.

Inventor： Michael R. Layton ,  James S. Bunn, Jr.

IPC: G01D5/353

CPC classification number: G01D5/35383

Abstract: A switch-selectable calibration signal is applied to an interferometric sensor channel of fiber optic sensor array for monitoring its operation. A calibration signal is applied at a single physical location to determine the channel scale factors and proper operability of multiple sensors at remote locations in the array. An optical signal input to each interferometric sensor channel in the array, and a compensating interferometer receives optical signals output from the fiber optic sensor array. A signal is applied to the compensating interferometer to form an output signal that simulates signals output from each interferometric sensor in the array. These signals are processed to determine the scale factor of each interferometer in the fiber optic sensor array.

Abstract translation: 开关可选择的校准信号被应用于光纤传感器阵列的干涉传感器通道，用于监视其操作。 在单个物理位置应用校准信号以确定阵列中远程位置处的多个传感器的通道比例因子和适当的可操作性。 输入到阵列中的每个干涉传感器通道的光信号，以及补偿干涉仪接收从光纤传感器阵列输出的光信号。 信号被施加到补偿干涉仪以形成输出信号，该信号模拟阵列中每个干涉测量传感器输出的信号。 处理这些信号以确定光纤传感器阵列中每个干涉仪的比例因子。

公开(公告)号：US4753529A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-28

申请号：US877484

申请日：1986-06-23

Applicant: Michael R. Layton

Inventor： Michael R. Layton

IPC: G01D5/26 ,  G01D5/353 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01D5/266 ,  G01D5/35303

Abstract: Intensity modulated incoherent light is input to an interferometer. The interferometer is preferably formed to have a first arm comprising a first optical fiber and a second arm comprising a second optical fiber. The fibers have an initial optical pathlength difference .DELTA.L.sub.o. The refractive index of a selected one of the optical fibers is determined, and the output of the interferometer is monitored to detect a null signal output with an initial predetermined frequency resolution bandwidth. The initial length resolution is calculated, and the length of one of the fibers is reduced. The frequency resolution bandwidth is then reduced to a new predetermined value, and the frequency providing a null signal output at the new frequency resolution bandwidth is measured. The process is repeated until the pathlength difference becomes a predetermined value.

Abstract translation: 强度调制非相干光被输入到干涉仪。 干涉仪优选地形成为具有包括第一光纤的第一臂和包括第二光纤的第二臂。 纤维具有初始光程长度差DELTA Lo。 确定所选择的一个光纤的折射率，并且监视干涉仪的输出以检测具有初始预定频率分辨率带宽的空信号输出。 计算初始长度分辨率，并减少纤维之一的长度。 然后将频率分辨率带宽减小到新的预定值，并且测量以新频率分辨率带宽输出的空信号的频率。 重复该过程，直到路径长度差成为预定值。