公开(公告)号：US07028773B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-18

申请号：US10318800

申请日：2002-12-13

申请人： Go Fujisawa ,  Oliver C. Mullins ,  Chengli Dong ,  Andrew Kurkjian

发明人： Go Fujisawa ,  Oliver C. Mullins ,  Chengli Dong ,  Andrew Kurkjian

IPC分类号： E21B43/00 ,  G01V8/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/645 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  E21B49/005 ,  E21B49/08 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01N33/241 ,  G01N33/2882

摘要： Water-based mud filtrate concentration in a downhole fluid sample drawn from the borehole of an oil well is assessed. To measure water-based mud filtrate concentration, a water-based mud having a water-soluble fluorescent dye tracer is pumped into the borehole; sample fluid from a selected downhole location is pumped through a downhole flow line having a window; sample fluid flowing in an excitation region of the downhole flow line is illuminated through the window with fluorescence excitation light; and fluorescence emission from the excitation region is measured to produce a measured value. The measured value represents the fraction of water-based mud filtrate in the sample fluid. A calibration value is determined representing 100% water-based mud filtrate. A method for validating a sample of connate water as having an acceptably low WBM filtrate contamination tests for validation downhole, in real time. Each measured value of the series of measured values is compared with a predetermined fraction of a calibration value. Samples that are validated may be captured and brought to the surface for analysis. A method using the time series data and a predetermined fraction of the calibration value calculates a predicted flushing time to completion.

摘要翻译： 评估从油井钻孔抽取的井下流体样品中的水基泥浆滤液浓度。 为了测量水泥泥滤液浓度，将具有水溶性荧光染料示踪剂的水性泥浆泵入井眼; 来自所选择的井下位置的样品流体被泵送通过具有窗口的井下流动管线; 在井下流动线的激发区域流动的样品流体通过窗口用荧光激发光照射; 并且测量来自激发区域的荧光发射以产生测量值。 测量值表示样品液中水基泥浆滤液的分数。 确定代表100％水基泥浆滤液的校准值。 一种用于验证原生水样品具有可接受的低WBM滤液污染测试的方法，用于实时验证井下。 将一系列测量值的每个测量值与校准值的预定分数进行比较。 经过验证的样品可能被捕获并带到表面进行分析。 使用时间序列数据和校准值的预定分数的方法计算完成的预测冲洗时间。

公开(公告)号：US06992768B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-31

申请号：US10249968

申请日：2003-05-22

申请人： Chengli Dong ,  Peter S. Hegeman ,  Oliver C. Mullins ,  Kai Hsu ,  Andrew L. Kurkjian ,  Andrew J. Carnegie

发明人： Chengli Dong ,  Peter S. Hegeman ,  Oliver C. Mullins ,  Kai Hsu ,  Andrew L. Kurkjian ,  Andrew J. Carnegie

IPC分类号： G01J3/46

CPC分类号： E21B49/10 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2021/3129

摘要： A method for refining fluid sample data includes obtaining optical density data for a fluid sample in at least two color channels and at least one fluid component channel and determining a color-absorption function from the optical density data for the fluid sample in the at least two color channels. The method also includes calculating a portion of the optical density caused by color absorptions in each of the at least one fluid component channels, and de-coloring the optical density data in each of the at least one fluid component channels by removing the portion of the optical density data caused by color absorption.

摘要翻译： 用于精炼流体样本数据的方法包括：获得至少两个颜色通道中的流体样本的光密度数据和至少一个流体分量通道，并根据来自至少两个中的流体样本的光密度数据确定颜色吸收函数 颜色通道。 所述方法还包括计算由所述至少一个流体分量通道中的每一个中的颜色吸收引起的光密度的一部分，以及通过去除所述至少一个流体分量通道中的每一个的所述至少一个流体分量通道中的所述光密度数据 由颜色吸收引起的光密度数据。

公开(公告)号：US06850317B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-01

申请号：US10055070

申请日：2002-01-23

申请人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Donald Charles McKeon ,  Felix Chen ,  Xu Wu ,  Elizabeth B. Dussan V ,  Henning Groenzin ,  Clelia Canuel

发明人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Donald Charles McKeon ,  Felix Chen ,  Xu Wu ,  Elizabeth B. Dussan V ,  Henning Groenzin ,  Clelia Canuel

IPC分类号： G01F1/708 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B6/42 ,  G01N33/28

CPC分类号： G01N21/55 ,  G01F1/7086 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G02B6/29361 ,  G02B6/4246 ,  G02B6/4298

摘要： Apparatus and methods for measuring oil flow velocity in a well are provided which utilize fluorescence quenching. A marker which quenches the natural fluorescence of crude oil is chosen and injected into the oil flow at a first location. At a second location, the oil flow is subjected to light at a wavelength which will cause oil to naturally fluoresce. The fluorescence signal is detected at the second location by a sensing probe. The time that it takes for the quenching marker to move from the first location to the second location is measured by sensing a decrease in fluorescence due to the quencher. Fluid velocity is determined by dividing the distance between the marker-ejection point and the optical probe position by the time it took the marker to move that distance.

摘要翻译： 提供用于测量井中油流速度的装置和方法，其利用荧光淬灭。 选择淬灭原油的天然荧光的标记，并将其注入到第一位置的油流中。 在第二位置，油流经受将导致油自然发荧光的波长的光。 通过感测探针在第二位置处检测荧光信号。 淬灭标记从第一位置移动到第二位置所需的时间是通过感测由于淬灭剂引起的荧光的降低来测量的。 通过将标记射出点和光学探针位置之间的距离除以标记物移动该距离所花费的时间来确定流体速度。

公开(公告)号：US06825657B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-30

申请号：US10016246

申请日：2001-10-30

申请人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  David P. Madio ,  Oliver C. Mullins

发明人： Robert L. Kleinberg ,  David P. Madio ,  Oliver C. Mullins

IPC分类号： G01V300

CPC分类号： G01V3/32 ,  G01N24/081 ,  G01R33/60 ,  Y02A90/344

摘要： Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are used in a fluid sampling tool that extracts a fluid from subsurface earth formations into a flow channel within the tool. The magnetic resonance techniques involve applying a static magnetic field and an oscillating magnetic field to the fluid in the flow channel, and magnetic resonance signals are detected from the fluid and analyzed to extract information about the fluid such as composition, viscosity, etc.

摘要翻译： 核磁共振技术用于流体采样工具，其将来自地下地层的流体提取到工具内的流动通道中。 磁共振技术包括对流道中的流体施加静磁场和振荡磁场，并从流体中检测磁共振信号，并分析以提取关于流体的信息，例如组成，粘度等。

公开(公告)号：US06729400B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-04

申请号：US10305878

申请日：2002-11-27

申请人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Michael Hodder ,  Cosan Ayan ,  Yifu Zhu ,  Phillip Rabbito

发明人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Michael Hodder ,  Cosan Ayan ,  Yifu Zhu ,  Phillip Rabbito

IPC分类号： E21B4908

CPC分类号： E21B49/08 ,  E21B2049/085

摘要： A downhole connate water sample drawn from the formation surrounding a well is validated when mud filtrate concentration is acceptably low. A preferred method includes drilling the well with a water-based drilling fluid, or more generally a water-based mud (WBM), containing a water-soluble dye. The dye acts as a tracer to distinguish connate water from WBM filtrate in a downhole sample of formation fluid contaminated by mud filtrate from the water-based mud. Preferably, an optical analyzer in a sampling tool measures light transmitted through the downhole sample to produce optical density data indicative of dye concentration. Preferably, optical density is measured at a first wavelength to obtain a first optical density, and at a second wavelength, close in wavelength to the first wavelength, to obtain a second optical density. First and second optical density data are transmitted to the surface. At the surface, in a data processor, the second optical density is subtracted from the first optical density to produce a third optical density that is substantially free of scattering error. The data processor validates each sample that has an acceptably low third optical density. The invention also provides a method of determining when to collect a sample of downhole fluid drawn over a period of time from a formation surrounding a well.

摘要翻译： 当泥浆滤液浓度可接受地低时，从井周围的地层抽取的井下合生水样品被验证。 优选的方法包括用含水溶性染料的水基钻井液或更一般的水基泥浆（WBM）钻井。 该染料作为示踪剂，以在由水基泥浆泥浆滤液污染的地层流体的井下样品中区分原生水与WBM滤液。 优选地，采样工具中的光学分析仪测量透过井下样品的光，以产生指示染料浓度的光密度数据。 优选地，在第一波长处测量光密度以获得第一光密度，并且在第二波长处以与第一波长相近的波长，以获得第二光密度。 第一和第二光密度数据被传送到表面。 在表面上，在数据处理器中，从第一光密度中减去第二光密度以产生基本上没有散射误差的第三光密度。 数据处理器验证每个具有可接受的低第三光密度的样品。 本发明还提供了一种确定何时收集从围绕井的地层在一段时间内被抽取的井下流体样本的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06704109B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-09

申请号：US10055654

申请日：2002-01-23

申请人： Xu Wu ,  Marian Faur ,  Fabien Cens ,  Jacques Sellin ,  Felix Chen ,  Oliver C. Mullins

发明人： Xu Wu ,  Marian Faur ,  Fabien Cens ,  Jacques Sellin ,  Felix Chen ,  Oliver C. Mullins

IPC分类号： G01N3328

CPC分类号： G01N21/55 ,  G01F1/7086 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/8507 ,  G02B6/29361 ,  G02B6/4246 ,  G02B6/4298

摘要： A downhole optical apparatus includes an LED source, reflectance and fluorescence detectors, a plurality of fibers, a dichroic mirror (DM), a beam splitter/coupler, a probe, a short-pass filter (SP), a dichroic long-pass filter (LP), and a lens. Source light filtered by the SP is fed to the DM which deflects light of desired wavelengths only. The deflected light is focused by the lens onto a fiber and is ultimately injected into an oil flow by the probe. Light reflected by oil or fluorescing therefrom is received by the probe, and split by the splitter. A small portion is received by the reflectance detector. A large portion is received by the lens and directed to the DM which deflects reflected light and passes light at longer fluorescing wavelengths. Passed light is further filtered by the DM and LP to eliminate remnants of the reflected light, and provided to the fluorescence detector.

摘要翻译： 井下光学装置包括LED源，反射率和荧光检测器，多个光纤，分色镜（DM），分束器/耦合器，探针，短路滤波器（SP），二向色长通滤波器 （LP）和透镜。 由SP过滤的光源被馈送到仅偏转所需波长的光的DM。 偏转的光被透镜聚焦在纤维上，最终被探针注入到油流中。 由油反射的或荧光的光被探针接收，并被分离器分开。 反射率检测器接收到一小部分。 大部分被透镜接收并且被引导到DM，其偏转反射光并且以更长的荧光波长传递光。 通过的光被DM和LP进一步过滤以消除反射光的残余物，并提供给荧光检测器。

公开(公告)号：US06501072B2

公开(公告)日：2002-12-31

申请号：US09772209

申请日：2001-01-29

申请人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Abul Jamaluddin ,  Nikhil B. Joshi

发明人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Abul Jamaluddin ,  Nikhil B. Joshi

IPC分类号： G01N1502

CPC分类号： E21B47/102

摘要： The optical density of an oil sample at a plurality of wavelengths over a plurality of different (typically decreasing) pressures is monitored and used to find the size of agglomerated asphaltene particles which are precipitating from the oil sample. The optical density information used in finding the particle size is preferably optical density information relating to the scattering of light due to the asphaltene particles only. Thus, baseline optical density information of the oil sample at a high pressure is subtracted from optical density information obtained at test pressures at each wavelength of interest. Asphaltene particles of a radius of one micron and smaller were found to be powdery, while asphaltene particles of a radius of three microns and larger were found to include paving resins. The precipitation of asphaltenes is reversible by increasing the pressure under certain circumstances.

摘要翻译： 监测多个不同（通常减小的）压力下的多个波长的油样品的光密度，并用于找到从油样中析出的附聚沥青质颗粒的尺寸。 用于发现粒度的光密度信息优选仅与由于沥青质颗粒引起的光的散射有关的光密度信息。 因此，从感兴趣的每个波长处的测试压力下获得的光密度信息中减去高压油样的基线光密度信息。 发现半径为1微米以下的沥青质颗粒为粉状，发现半径为3微米以上的沥青质颗粒包括铺路树脂。 在某些情况下，通过增加压力可以降低沥青质的沉淀。

公开(公告)号：US06465775B2

公开(公告)日：2002-10-15

申请号：US09741575

申请日：2000-12-19

申请人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Philip A. Rabbito ,  Lawrence E. McGowan ,  Toru Terabayashi ,  Kazuyoshi Kegasawa

发明人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Philip A. Rabbito ,  Lawrence E. McGowan ,  Toru Terabayashi ,  Kazuyoshi Kegasawa

IPC分类号： G01N2135

CPC分类号： G01N21/359 ,  E21B47/102 ,  G01N21/0303 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01V8/02

摘要： Methods of detecting carbon dioxide in downhole environments are provided. Near-infrared light is transmitted through a gas downhole. Indications of near-infrared absorptions are detected from the gas and used to determine the presence of carbon dioxide.

摘要翻译： 提供了在井下环境中检测二氧化碳的方法。 近红外光通过井下的气体传播。 从气体中检测到近红外吸收的指示，并用于确定二氧化碳的存在。

公开(公告)号：US06350986B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-26

申请号：US09300190

申请日：1999-04-27

申请人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Jon J. Shroer

发明人： Oliver C. Mullins ,  Jon J. Shroer

IPC分类号： G01V800

CPC分类号： E21B47/102 ,  E21B49/005 ,  E21B49/10 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/534

摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for determining a quality of downhole fluid. A series of measurements are taken of at least one parameter of borehole fluid that is indicative of OBM filtrate contamination. By curve-fitting, the series of the measured parameter values are used to create an asymptotic curve indicative of the quality of the downhole fluid. One embodiment determines OBM filtrate fraction in a borehole fluid sample. One embodiment is used when there is significant difference between the coloration of formation fluid and the coloration of OBM filtrate. Another is used when there is little or no difference between the coloration of formation fluid and the coloration of OBM filtrate. Another determines GOR of formation fluid corrected for OBM filtrate contamination. Another determines OD of formation fluid corrected for OBM filtrate contamination. Another determines conditions that would render optical density measurements invalid and sample capture premature. Another predicts the reduction of filtrate fraction for a specific extended pumping time. Another initiates sample capture when computed contamination fraction exhibits stable asymptotic convergence. Another compensates for wavelength-independent scattering. Another compensates for varying pump rate. Another reduces the effect of wavelength-dependent scattering.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于确定井下流体质量的方法和装置。 对钻孔液体的至少一个参数进行一系列测量，这些参数表示OBM滤液污染。 通过曲线拟合，一系列测量参数值用于创建指示井下流体质量的渐近曲线。 一个实施例确定井眼流体样品中的OBM滤液分数。 当地层流体的着色和OBM滤液的着色之间存在显着的差异时，使用一个实施例。 当地层流体的着色和OBM滤液的着色几乎没有差异时，使用另一种方法。 另一个决定了对OBM滤液污染进行校正的地层流体的GOR。 另一个确定了对OBM滤液污染进行校正的地层流体的OD。 另一个确定使光密度测量无效并且样品捕获过早的条件。 另一个预测在特定的延长抽吸时间下滤液分数的减少。 当计算污染物分数显示稳定的渐近收敛时，另一个启动样本捕获。 另一种补偿波长无关散射。 另一个补偿不同的泵率。 另一个减少了波长相关散射的影响。

公开(公告)号：US06274865B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-14

申请号：US09255999

申请日：1999-02-23

申请人： Jon J. Schroer ,  Oliver C. Mullins

发明人： Jon J. Schroer ,  Oliver C. Mullins

IPC分类号： G01V802

CPC分类号： E21B49/10 ,  E21B47/102 ,  E21B49/005 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/534

摘要： A method and apparatus is provided for determining OBM filtrate fraction in a downhole fluid sample. One embodiment of the method is used when there is significant difference between the coloration of formation fluid and the coloration of OBM filtrate. Another is used when there is little or no difference between the coloration of formation fluid and the coloration of OBM filtrate. Another determines GOR of formation fluid corrected for OBM filtrate contamination. Another determines OD of formation fluid corrected for OBM filtrate contamination. Another determines conditions that would render optical density measurements invalid and sample capture premature. Another predicts the reduction of filtrate fraction for a specific extended pumping time. Another initiates sample capture when computed contamination fraction exhibits stable asymptotic convergence.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于确定井下流体样品中的OBM滤液分数的方法和装置。 当地层流体的着色和OBM滤液的着色之间存在显着差异时，使用该方法的一个实施方案。 当地层流体的着色和OBM滤液的着色几乎没有差异时，使用另一种方法。 另一个决定了对OBM滤液污染进行校正的地层流体的GOR。 另一个确定了对OBM滤液污染进行校正的地层流体的OD。 另一个确定使光密度测量无效并且样品捕获过早的条件。 另一个预测在特定的延长抽吸时间下滤液分数的减少。 当计算污染物分数显示稳定的渐近收敛时，另一个启动样本捕获。