公开(公告)号：US4736163A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-05

申请号：US756140

申请日：1985-07-17

申请人： Petrus J. Berkhout ,  Johan M. Rijnsburger

发明人： Petrus J. Berkhout ,  Johan M. Rijnsburger

IPC分类号： H03K5/1252 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/165 ,  H03G3/34 ,  H03H17/00 ,  H03K5/04 ,  H03K5/153 ,  H03K5/1532 ,  H04B1/10 ,  H03B1/00 ,  H03K5/22

CPC分类号： H03G3/345 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/16585 ,  H03K5/04 ,  H03K5/153

摘要： The circuit arrangement for detecting pulse-shaped interferences in an electrical signal comprises an input (7), a high-pass filter (8) having a cut-off frequency lying between 40 Hz and 1000 Hz, one or two signal paths (25, 25') and an output (5). A signal path (25) comprises a peak detector (10), a device (11) for determining a running average value, of its input signal, a delay unit (12) and a comparator (15). The output of the peak detector (10) is coupled via the device (11) for determining a running average value to a first input (13) of the comparator and via the delay unit (12) to a second input (14) of the comparator. The comparator compares the delayed output signal of the peak detector with the output signal of the device for determining the running average value and supplies an output signal to its output (16) if the output signal of the peak detector is larger than a times the output signal of the device for determining the running average value, where it holds that a>1. With this circuit arrangement, a more satisfactory detection of pulse-shaped interferences is attained (FIG. 3). The circuit arrangement may be used, for example, as a detector circuit in an arrangement for detecting and suppressing pulse-shaped interferences. (FIG. 1).

摘要翻译： 用于检测电信号中的脉冲形干扰的电路装置包括输入（7），具有位于40Hz和1000Hz之间的截止频率的高通滤波器（8），一个或两个信号路径（25， 25'）和输出（5）。 信号路径（25）包括峰值检测器（10），用于确定其输入信号的运行平均值的装置（11），延迟单元（12）和比较器（15）。 峰值检测器（10）的输出经由设备（11）耦合，用于确定比较器的第一输入端（13）的运行平均值，并且经由延迟单元（12）到达第二输入端 比较器。 比较器将峰值检测器的延迟输出信号与器件的输出信号进行比较，以确定运行平均值，并且如果峰值检测器的输出信号大于输出的输出信号，则将输出信号提供给其输出（16） 用于确定运行平均值的设备的信号，其中a> 1。 利用该电路装置，可获得令人满意的脉冲形干扰检测（图3）。 电路装置可以用作例如用于检测和抑制脉冲形干扰的装置中的检测器电路。 （图。1）。

公开(公告)号：US4641089A

公开(公告)日：1987-02-03

申请号：US489062

申请日：1983-04-27

申请人： Bruce W. Pearman ,  Hal A. Huggins

发明人： Bruce W. Pearman ,  Hal A. Huggins

IPC分类号： G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/30

CPC分类号： G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/30

摘要： An ammeter apparatus and method of taking current reading includes current inputs receiving a signal from a current source through a suitable gate. A conversion circuit having a preamplifier and an amplifier, in inverted configuration, produce a signed voltage proportional to the current signal. The signed voltage is passed, to both a rectifier and a polarity indicator through another gate. A comparator switches the polarity indicator gate and a third gate upon receipt of a threshold value rectified voltage from the rectifier. The third gate interconnects the rectifier and a charge-retaining element, and a meter outputs a display corresponding to the charge thereon. A fourth gate connects the charge-retaining element to ground in order to discharge the retained charge. A timing circuit with a manual override operates the input gate and the fourth gate, and a timed power supply provides operating voltage for the circuit. The method includes the steps of detecting the current, producing a signed voltage therefrom, outputting the voltage polarity, rectifying the signed voltage, and outputting and displaying the greatest voltage value occurring in a selected interval of time.

摘要翻译： 采用电流读数的电流表装置和方法包括从电流源通过适当的栅极接收信号的电流输入。 具有倒相配置的前置放大器和放大器的转换电路产生与电流信号成比例的有符号电压。 有符号电压通过另一个门通过整流器和极性指示器。 当从整流器接收到阈值整流电压时，比较器切换极性指示器栅极和第三栅极。 第三栅极将整流器和电荷保持元件互连，并且仪表输出对应于其上的电荷的显示器。 第四栅极将电荷保持元件连接到地，以便释放保留的电荷。 具有手动超驰的定时电路操作输入门和第四门，并且定时电源为电路提供工作电压。 该方法包括以下步骤：检测电流，从中产生有符号电压，输出电压极性，整流有符号电压，以及输出和显示在选定的时间间隔内出现的最大电压值。

公开(公告)号：US4603299A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-29

申请号：US785033

申请日：1985-10-07

申请人： Michael R. Monett

发明人： Michael R. Monett

IPC分类号： G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/30 ,  G11C27/02 ,  H03K5/00 ,  H03K17/56

CPC分类号： G01R19/30 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G11C27/026

摘要： A signal detector whose output voltage approximates the true average to peak value of an applied signal of a generally arbitrary waveform employs current sources to regulate the charge-discharge duty cycle of an integrating storage device. The integrating storage device, such as an integrating capacitor, is employed in a high gain circuit with negative feedback to develop a signal representative of the peak level of the applied signal. The device approaches true peak detection over a wide dynamic and frequency operating range relative to known prior art at peak detection devices.

摘要翻译： 输出电压近似于大致任意波形的施加信号的真实平均值至峰值的信号检测器采用电流源来调节积分存储装置的充放电占空比。 在具有负反馈的高增益电路中采用诸如积分电容器的积分存储装置来产生表示所施加信号的峰值电平的信号。 相对于峰值检测装置处的已知现有技术，器件在宽的动态和频率工作范围内接近真正的峰值检测。

公开(公告)号：US4574202A

公开(公告)日：1986-03-04

申请号：US434485

申请日：1982-10-15

申请人： Atsushi Ogawa

发明人： Atsushi Ogawa

IPC分类号： G01R19/25 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/12 ,  G01R19/165 ,  H03G3/20 ,  H03K5/153 ,  H03K5/00

CPC分类号： H03G3/20 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/12 ,  G01R19/16585

摘要： A signal rectifier circuit with attack time changeable in response to an input signal level is disclosed which has a plurality of current transmitting paths connected in parallel between an input terminal and an output terminal. There is also provided a rectifier in every signal transmitting path or a circuit between the output terminal and the parallel circuit of the signal transmitting paths. A capacitor in combination with resistance components involved in the respective signal transmitting paths provides a signal smoothing operation. The signal transmitting paths are given different offset voltages which allow the attack time of the smoothing operation to vary as a function of the input signal level.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有响应于输入信号电平而可变化的发射时间的信号整流电路，其具有在输入端和输出端之间并联连接的多个电流传输路径。 还在每个信号传输路径中设置整流器或在信号发送路径的输出端子和并联电路之间设置电路。 与各个信号传输路径中涉及的电阻分量相结合的电容器提供信号平滑操作。 信号传输路径被赋予不同的偏移电压，其允许平滑操作的攻击时间作为输入信号电平的函数而变化。

公开(公告)号：US4502004A

公开(公告)日：1985-02-26

申请号：US430588

申请日：1982-12-02

申请人： John A. Schindler

发明人： John A. Schindler

IPC分类号： G01R15/18 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R29/02 ,  G01R1/22

CPC分类号： G01R15/181 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R29/02

摘要： An apparatus for measuring varying current levels is particularly suited to the measurement of distinct current pulses. The apparatus couples by means of an inductive sensor to a current carrying conductor. A current pulse in the conductor induces a voltage within the sensor, which is then converted by a unipolar voltage to frequency converter to a sequence of electrical pulses, the total number of which is proportionate to the peak current value of the pulse. The number of pulses produced may be displayed as a measurement of the peak current pulse; in a preferred embodiment, the apparatus compares the number of pulses to a pre-set alarm value, enabling the apparatus to signal any occurrence of current pulses over a desired value.

摘要翻译： 用于测量变化的电流水平的装置特别适用于不同电流脉冲的测量。 该装置通过感应传感器耦合到载流导体。 导体中的电流脉冲会在传感器内感应出一个电压，然后电压通过单极电压转换为频率转换器，电脉冲序列与脉冲的峰值电流值成比例。 产生的脉冲数可以显示为峰值电流脉冲的测量值; 在优选实施例中，该装置将脉冲数量与预设的报警值进行比较，使得该装置能够在任何期望值上发出电流脉冲的任何发生。

公开(公告)号：US4399510A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-16

申请号：US251048

申请日：1981-04-06

申请人： John R. Hicks

发明人： John R. Hicks

IPC分类号： G06Q30/04 ,  G06Q50/06 ,  G06F15/20 ,  G01R19/04

CPC分类号： G06Q30/04 ,  G06Q50/06

摘要： Electronic circuitry monitors the electrical energy consumption of a system and displays the current cost of the energy usage. The projected monthly billing cost is calculated at the current rate of consumption, and an alarm signal and control output are generated if the projected cost is higher than a budget amount. Energy consumption is sensed optically at the electric meter and a proportional number of high frequency pulses are added to the household electrical network. These pulses are remotely sensed at any point within the household electrical network and are fed to a microprocessor for counting and conversion to cost parameters. Clock pulses are also directed to the microprocessor for calculating the billing period and for displaying time parameters. A keyboard enables initializing and modifying the cost and time parameters in the microprocessor.

摘要翻译： 电子电路监控系统的电能消耗，并显示能源使用的当前成本。 预计的每月计费成本以当前消费率计算，如果预计成本高于预算金额，则会产生报警信号和控制输出。 能量消耗在电表处被光学地感测并且比例数量的高频脉冲被添加到家用电网。 这些脉冲在家用电网内的任何点被远程感测，并被馈送到微处理器用于计数和转换成成本参数。 时钟脉冲也被引导到微处理器以计算计费周期并显示时间参数。 键盘可以初始化和修改微处理器中的成本和时间参数。

公开(公告)号：US4333151A

公开(公告)日：1982-06-01

申请号：US106365

申请日：1979-12-21

申请人： Tetsuo Matsushima

发明人： Tetsuo Matsushima

IPC分类号： F02P5/10 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R19/25 ,  H02H3/02 ,  H02H3/05 ,  H02H3/40 ,  H02H3/42

CPC分类号： H02H3/05 ,  H02H3/40

摘要： In a method and a system for protecting an electric power system, a signal useful for the protection is produced through operation on a digital data q.sub.m indicative of an instantaneous value at a first time point of an AC electrical quantity and another digital data given by 1/2{axq.sub.m-n -(2-a)xq.sub.m-n+l } where q.sub.m-n and q.sub.m-n+l represent data indicative of instantaneous values of an AC electrical quantity, at a time point in advance of the first time point by an angle of .alpha..degree. (0.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.180), and at a time point lagging behind the first time point by an angle of (180-.alpha.).degree., respectively, and a equals to .alpha./90.

摘要翻译： 在一种用于保护电力系统的方法和系统中，通过对表示AC电量的第一时间点的瞬时值的数字数据qm进行操作，并且由1 / 2 {axqm-n-（2-a）xqm-n + 1}其中qm-n和qm-n + 1表示在第一次提前的时间点表示AC电量的瞬时值的数据 以α°（0 <α= 180）的角度点，并且在时间点分别落后于第一时间点（180-α）°的角度，并且等于α/ 90 。

公开(公告)号：US4296375A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-20

申请号：US29714

申请日：1979-04-13

申请人： Tsuneo Takezaki

发明人： Tsuneo Takezaki

IPC分类号： G01R19/165 ,  G01R13/40 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G09G3/04

CPC分类号： G01R13/405 ,  G01R19/04

摘要： A level indicator comprising a plurality of comparators for comparing an analog signal with a respective value of graduated reference voltages generates one or more output signals in response to the analog signal exceeding each reference voltage. A plurality of storage circuits is provided each associated with a respective comparator and with a respective one of successively arranged luminous elements. Each storage circuit is responsive to the output of the associated comparator and delivers a signal for the associated luminous element, which signal may also be used to inhibit the passage of the outputs of the other storage circuits of descending order.

摘要翻译： 包括用于将模拟信号与分级参考电压的相应值进行比较的多个比较器的电平指示器响应于超过每个参考电压的模拟信号而产生一个或多个输出信号。 提供了多个存储电路，每个存储电路与相应的比较器相关联，并且具有相应的连续配置的发光元件。 每个存储电路响应于相关联的比较器的输出并递送相关联的发光元件的信号，该信号也可以用于抑制其它存储电路的输出的降序。

公开(公告)号：US4247873A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-27

申请号：US038142

申请日：1979-05-11

申请人： Jean-Claude Decuyper

发明人： Jean-Claude Decuyper

IPC分类号： G01R19/04 ,  G06K9/38 ,  H03K5/08 ,  H04N1/403 ,  H04N1/40

CPC分类号： H04N1/403 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G06K9/38

摘要： In a facsimile system, for example, a document is scanned along successive scan lines and is analyzed by a photosensitive reader to produce an analog image analysis signal (V.sub.a). This signal is then converted into a two-value (i.e. black and white) signal by an all-or-nothing converter. This is done by a comparator (1) comparing the analog signal (V.sub.a) with a threshold (V.sub.d); and to avoid losing wanted information, in spite of varying background densities, it is necessary for the relative values of the analog signal (V.sub.a) and the threshold (V.sub.d) to vary so that the threshold remains somewhere between local maximum and minimum modulation levels over a range of absolute values.In the present invention successive modulation peaks are detected by a peak detector (2) and their values stored e.g. on a capacitor. First means (a resistor 3) decay the stored value slowly so that while pale image representing peaks occur frequently the threshold as applied by circuit (6) at a value slightly below the peak value. Second means (transistor switch 4) are controlled to cause rapid decay of the stored peak value after the binary output signal has remained at black level for a run of more than 10 or so image points. Switch (5) serves to clear memory between successive scan lines.

摘要翻译： 在传真系统中，例如，文件沿连续的扫描线扫描，并由光敏读取器分析以产生模拟图像分析信号（Va）。 然后，该信号通过全或无转换器转换成二值（即黑白）信号。 这通过将模拟信号（Va）与阈值（Vd）进行比较的比较器（1）来完成; 并且为了避免丢失有用信息，尽管背景密度变化，模拟信号（Va）和阈值（Vd）的相对值必须改变，使得阈值保持在局部最大和最小调制级之间的某处 绝对值的范围。 在本发明中，由峰值检测器（2）检测连续的调制峰值，并且它们的值存储在例如 在电容上。 第一种方法（电阻器3）缓慢地衰减存储值，使得当由电路（6）施加的阈值稍微低于峰值时，表示峰值的苍白图像频繁出现。 控制第二装置（晶体管开关4），以便在二进制输出信号保持在黑色电平之后使存储的峰值快速衰减超过10个或更多个图像点。 开关（5）用于清除连续扫描线之间的记忆。

公开(公告)号：US4236991A

公开(公告)日：1980-12-02

申请号：US057368

申请日：1979-07-13

申请人： John R. Backhurst ,  Martin Fleischmann ,  Francis Goodridge ,  Raymond E. Plimley

发明人： John R. Backhurst ,  Martin Fleischmann ,  Francis Goodridge ,  Raymond E. Plimley

IPC分类号： C25B9/16 ,  C25B15/00 ,  C25C7/00 ,  C25D5/08 ,  C25D7/00 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R31/16 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/22 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： H01M4/0404 ,  C25B15/00 ,  C25B9/162 ,  C25C7/002 ,  C25D17/12 ,  C25D5/08 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R31/16 ,  H01M4/04 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/225

摘要： An extended surface area electrode for an electrochemical cell is provided by causing a bed of conducting particles to be expanded in the form of a fluidized bed by controlled upward flow of electrolyte through an electrode chamber containing current-carrying conducting means which makes contact with the fluidized bed.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于电化学电池的延伸的表面积电极，其通过使受电流通过电容器向上流动的方式使导电颗粒床形成为膨胀形式，该电极室包含载流导电装置，其与流化床 床。