公开(公告)号：US5672878A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-30

申请号：US740084

申请日：1996-10-24

Applicant: Jonathan Yi Yao

Inventor： Jonathan Yi Yao

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: An ionization chamber for monitoring a radiation beam includes a housing having a primary beam passageway and a number of secondary beam cells that are adjacent to the primary beam passageway. The primary beam passageway passes entirely through the housing. In the preferred embodiment, a large-area beam measuring electrode and an array of small-area beam measuring electrodes are each coaxial with the primary beam passageway. Also, in the preferred embodiment, each secondary beam cell includes a beam measuring electrode. Because the portions of the radiation beam that enter the secondary beam cells do not pass through the ionization chamber, these portions do not contaminate the treatment beam, allowing the beam measuring electrodes within the cells to be dimensioned and configured so as to maximize signal strength.

Abstract translation: 用于监测辐射束的电离室包括具有主光束通道和与主光束通道相邻的多个次级光束单元的壳体。 主梁通道完全通过壳体。 在优选实施例中，大面积光束测量电极和小面积光束测量电极阵列各自与主光束通道同轴。 此外，在优选实施例中，每个次级光束单元包括光束测量电极。 由于进入次级光束单元的辐射束的部分不通过电离室，所以这些部分不会污染处理光束，从而允许单元内的光束测量电极的尺寸和构造以使信号强度最大化。

公开(公告)号：US5194738A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-16

申请号：US725618

申请日：1991-07-03

Applicant: Amos Breskin ,  Rachel Chechik ,  Ehud Dafni

Inventor： Amos Breskin ,  Rachel Chechik ,  Ehud Dafni

IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01T1/28 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: G01T1/28 ,  G01N27/44717 ,  H01J47/02

Abstract: Apparatus for digital imaging including at least one electron multiplier arranged to receive beta radiation from a sample, apparatus for collimating the beta radiation without totally blocking all radiation from any location within a given region of interest on the sample, and readout electrodes operative in response to electrons from the electron multiplier to provide a first output indication of the incidence and location of beta radiation from the sample.

公开(公告)号：US5194737A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-16

申请号：US773002

申请日：1991-10-08

Applicant: Duncan W. MacArthur ,  Krag S. Allander

Inventor： Duncan W. MacArthur ,  Krag S. Allander

IPC: G01T1/18 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: G01T1/18 ,  H01J47/026

Abstract: Alpha particle detectors capable of detecting alpha radiation from distant sources. In one embodiment, a voltage is generated in a single electrically conductive grid while a fan draws air containing air molecules ionized by alpha particles through an air passage and across the conductive grid. The current in the conductive grid can be detected and used for measurement or alarm. Another embodiment builds on this concept and provides an additional grid so that air ions of both polarities can be detected. The detector can be used in many applications, such as for pipe or duct, tank, or soil sample monitoring.

Abstract translation: 能够检测远距离源的α辐射的α粒子检测器。 在一个实施例中，在单个导电栅格中产生电压，而风扇抽吸含有由α粒子离子化的空气分子的空气通过空气通道并穿过导电栅格。 导电电网中的电流可以被检测并用于测量或报警。 另一实施例基于该概念，并且提供附加的格栅，使得可以检测两极性的空气离子。 检测器可用于许多应用，例如用于管道或管道，罐或土壤样品监测。

公开(公告)号：US5120967A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-09

申请号：US645956

申请日：1991-01-25

Applicant: John A. Cappelli ,  Lester F. Lowe ,  Steven D. Mittleman

Inventor： John A. Cappelli ,  Lester F. Lowe ,  Steven D. Mittleman

IPC: H01J47/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/02

Abstract: A dual cavity ionization chamber provides a means to measure dose enhancement factors under a wide range of conditions. The chamber can be calibrated to give an absolute dose reading for silicon, gallium arsenide, or any other material together with the associated enhancement factor.

Abstract translation: 双腔电离室提供了在宽范围条件下测量剂量增强因子的手段。 可以对腔室进行校准，以给出硅，砷化镓或任何其他材料与相关增强因子的绝对剂量读数。

公开(公告)号：US5095217A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US599305

申请日：1990-10-17

Applicant: Frank H. Attix

Inventor： Frank H. Attix

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/024

Abstract: An ionization chamber radiation detector includes an outer shell, an inner well electrically connected to the outer shell to define an ionization chamber sensitive volume between them, and an ionization electrode that extends upwardly from a base into the space between the side walls of the well and shell. The shell and the walls of the well are grounded while the ionization electrode, which is electrically insulated from the shell, has a high voltage applied thereto. A guard electrode at the same voltage prevents electrical leakage. A sample positioner includes a thin walled guide tube which extends from a top cap down to a spacing disc. The spacing disc has an outer periphery which closely matches the interior of the well so that when the positioner is inserted into the wall the guide tube will be held at a desired position, preferably at the central axis of the well. A radiation source sample in a catheter is inserted through an opening in the top cap into the thin walled guide tube and down to a desired position within the tube, which precisely locates the source at a position which is preferably on the central axis of the detector. Close spacing between the source and the ionization chamber results in relatively high ionization current, allowing the radiation level to be measured based on the ionization current rather accumulated charge, and minimizing the effect of ambient background radiation.

Abstract translation: 电离室辐射检测器包括外壳，电气连接到外壳以在它们之间限定电离室敏感体积的内部孔，以及从基部向上延伸到井的侧壁之间的空间中的电离电极，以及 贝壳。 壳体和井的壁接地，而与壳体电绝缘的电离电极施加高电压。 相同电压下的保护电极可防止漏电。 样品定位器包括从顶盖向下延伸到间隔盘的薄壁导管。 间隔盘具有与井的内部紧密匹配的外周，使得当定位器插入壁中时，引导管将被保持在期望的位置，优选地保持在井的中心轴线处。 导管中的辐射源样品通过顶盖中的开口插入薄壁引导管中并且下降到管内的期望位置，该精确定位将源定位在优选位于检测器的中心轴线上的位置 。 源和电离室之间的紧密间隔导致相对高的电离电流，允许基于电离电流而不是累积电荷来测量辐射水平，并且最小化环境背景辐射的影响。

公开(公告)号：US5087821A

公开(公告)日：1992-02-11

申请号：US678279

申请日：1991-04-26

Applicant: Serge Maitrejean ,  Mario Ruscev ,  Irene Dorion

Inventor： Serge Maitrejean ,  Mario Ruscev ,  Irene Dorion

IPC: H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/12

CPC classification number: H01J47/02 ,  H01J47/1211

Abstract: The invention relates in particular to a detector for two-dimensional analysis of a flux of photons or neutral particles. The detector comprises a solid plane converter (5) constituted by a two-dimensional matrix of cells (such as 9c), an array of charge-multiplying wires (6) using stimulated ionization of a gas, and a cathode grid (7). The cells both convert the photons or neutral particles and collect the charge, and the ionization is preferably stimulated until self-regulating streams of electrons appear (streamer mode).The invention has application to imaging devices.

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / FR89 / 00553 Sec。 371日期：1991年4月26日 102（e）日期1991年4月26日PCT提交1989年10月24日PCT公布。 出版物WO90 / 04851 日期为1990年5月3日。本发明特别涉及用于二维分析光子或中性粒子通量的检测器。 检测器包括由电池（例如9c）的二维矩阵，使用气体的电离电离的电荷倍增电极阵列（6）和阴极栅极（7）构成的实心平面转换器（5）。 电池都转换光子或中性粒子并收集电荷，并且电离优选被刺激直到自调节电子流出现（流光模式）。 本发明适用于成像装置。

公开(公告)号：US5055674A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-08

申请号：US386778

申请日：1989-07-31

Applicant: Payasada Kotrappa

Inventor： Payasada Kotrappa

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/026 ,  G01T1/185 ,  Y10S250/02

Abstract: An electret ion chamber based radon monitor is employed as a method of measuring radium-226 and dissolved radon-222 concentrations in water. The procedure consists of taking a known volume of water and placing it in a container of known volume and determining the equilibrium radon concentration in the air phase above the water using an electret ion chamber radon. The radon concentration in the original water sample is calculated from the radon concentration of the air phase. A detailed theory is proposed and experimental results reported. Given a 200 ml water sample, it is typically possible to measure radon concentration of 160 pCi/l with an accuracy of 10% in a one day measurement. One pCi/l of Ra-226 can be also determined with an accuracy of 10% over a 10 day period.

Abstract translation: 采用基于驻极体离子室的氡监测器作为测量镭-226和溶解氡-222浓度的方法。 该程序包括取已知体积的水并将其置于已知体积的容器中，并使用驻极体离子室氡确定水上方空气相中的平衡氡浓度。 原水样品中的氡浓度由空气相的氡浓度计算。 提出了详细的理论和实验结果。 给出200毫升水样，通常可以在一天的测量中以10％的精度测量160 pCi / l的氡浓度。 也可以在10天内确定10％的精度的一个pCi / l的Ra-226。

公开(公告)号：US5018175A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-21

申请号：US323885

申请日：1989-03-15

Applicant: Robert Allemand ,  Martine Drouet ,  Gaetan Pleyber ,  Edmond Tournier

Inventor： Robert Allemand ,  Martine Drouet ,  Gaetan Pleyber ,  Edmond Tournier

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  G01T1/29 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/02 ,  G01T1/2935

Abstract: A detection array for ionizing radiation tomography for obtaining the image of at least one section of an object or organ. The array has at least one chamber (1) provided with a radiation-transparent entrance window (2) and in the chamber a detection stack (E1) incorporating a conductive polarizing plate (3) parallel to the sectional plane and a series of identical electrodes (5) parallel to the sectional plane. An insulating spacer (9) is placed between the electrodes (2) and the plate (5) and has, facing the window, at least one radiation-opaque intermediate plate (14) parallel to the sectional plane. This intermediate plate (14), the electrodes (5) and the polarizing plate (3) are disturbing elements which, separated by a distance d, make it possible to eliminate the artefacts for linear or quasi-linear inclusions in the object.

Abstract translation: 一种用于电离辐射断层摄影的检测阵列，用于获得物体或器官的至少一个部分的图像。 阵列具有至少一个具有辐射透明入口窗口的腔室（1），并且在腔室中具有结合平行于截面的导电偏振板（3）的检测叠层（E1）和一系列相同的电极 （5）平行于截面。 绝缘间隔物（9）被放置在电极（2）和板（5）之间，并且具有面向窗口的至少一个平行于截面的辐射不透明中间板（14）。 该中间板（14），电极（5）和偏振片（3）是分开距离d的干扰元件，可以消除物体中线性或准线性夹杂物的伪影。

公开(公告)号：US5010252A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-23

申请号：US872588

申请日：1986-06-10

Applicant: Douglas S. Steele

Inventor： Douglas S. Steele

IPC: H01J47/02 ,  H05K1/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/02 ,  H05K1/0218

Abstract: A method for making an ionization detector for X-ray tomography imaging includes the step of removing conductive residue located in the area between the electrodes to less than a predetermined amount, in order to remove the causes of spurious charges supplied by the detectors. The invention also includes the detectors made by the method.

Abstract translation: 制造X射线层析成像电离检测器的方法包括将位于电极之间的导电性残留物去除小于预定量的步骤，以消除由检测器提供的寄生电荷的原因。 本发明还包括通过该方法制造的检测器。

公开(公告)号：US4970391A

公开(公告)日：1990-11-13

申请号：US310198

申请日：1989-02-13

Applicant: Arthur E. Uber, III

Inventor： Arthur E. Uber, III

IPC: G01T1/185 ,  G01T7/12 ,  H01J47/02

CPC classification number: H01J47/02 ,  G01T1/185 ,  G01T7/125

Abstract: The radiation detector includes tissue equivalent bubbles of plastic defining volumes of gas to be ionized by radiation. One or more integrated circuit (ICs) are disposed below the volumes of gas and a collecting electrode on the IC is in direct contact with the gas. Circuitry for generating an electric field within the volume of gas moves the ions therein to the collecting electrode. The collecting electrode is part of an amplifying circuit disposed within the IC. The output from the amplifier is representative of the collected ions and therefore representative of the radiation. The signal from the amplifier is sent to an interface which conditions, buffers and stores the signal. The radiation dose and dose rate are computed in the interface. A communications section transfers that data from the radiation detector. A separate calibration and display unit calibrates the interface by controlling the conditioning of the signal. An area monitor and air monitor are further enhancements of the radiation detector. The radiation detector includes several circuitry arrangements for minimizing inaccuracies due to leakage currents to the collecting electrode from the amplifying circuit. Such circuitry arrangements include duplicate discharge and amplifying circuits not connected to a functioning collecting electrode; subtracting circuitry for subtracting a signal valued proportional to the leakage current; and a current source inducing current opposite in polarity to the leakage current.

Abstract translation: 辐射检测器包括塑料的组织等效气泡，其限定要通过辐射离子化的气体体积。 一个或多个集成电路（IC）设置在气体体积之下，IC上的集电极与气体直接接触。 用于在气体体积内产生电场的电路将其中的离子移动到集电极。 集电极是设置在IC内的放大电路的一部分。 放大器的输出代表所收集的离子，因此代表辐射。 来自放大器的信号被发送到接口，该接口条件，缓冲和存储信号。 在界面中计算辐射剂量和剂量率。 通信部分从辐射检测器传送该数据。 单独的校准和显示单元通过控制信号的调理来校准接口。 区域监视器和空气监视器是辐射探测器的进一步增强。 放射线检测器包括若干电路装置，用于使由放大电路向集电电极的漏电流引起的不精确度最小化。 这种电路装置包括不连接到功能集尘电极的重放放电和放大电路; 用于减去与泄漏电流成比例的值的减法电路; 以及电流源感应与泄漏电流极性相反的电流。