Abstract:
A new ytterbium-phosphate glass and a method for producing the same are disclosed. The glass finds special use in forming laser glass. Previously the level of ytterbium that could be incorporated into a phosphate glass without leading to formation of crystals or devitrification was limited. It has been found that much higher levels of ytterbium can be incorporated if an initial glass melt is formed from phosphate and ytterbium prior to adding the other components. Using the present process ytterbium-phosphate glasses having up to 30 mole percent ytterbium can be created. The new glasses function as well and often better than previous ytterbium containing glasses as laser glasses especially when combined with one or more of the lasing ions erbium oxide, neodymium oxide, holmium oxide or thulium oxide.
Abstract:
A pressure transducer suitable for use as a component of a passive occupant detection system installed in a passenger vehicle. The transducer comprises first and second contact members separated by a spacing member. The first contact member has on a surface thereof a primary contact comprising first and second terminations and portions spaced apart in a first direction. The second contact member has on a surface thereof a plurality of secondary contacts crossing and facing the spaced-apart portions of the primary contact through an opening in the spacing member. Application of an increasing force causes the contact members to move toward each other, causing an increasing number of the spaced-apart portions to be shorted out by the secondary contacts and causing an increasing number of secondary contacts to contact the primary contact, thereby altering the electrical path between the terminations of the primary contact.
Abstract:
A system for determining the optimal circuit design simulator schedule for debugging a digital electronic circuit design. The system characterizes all available circuit design simulators in terms of several parameters reflecting simulator speed and the time required to discover, isolate and fix a design error (bug). A cutover point is established for any pair of available simulators on the basis of these parameters. One simulator is progressively more efficient than the other beyond this cutover point, which is the desired time for scheduling substitution of the more efficient simulator during the debugging process. The system also permits "what-if" evaluation of alternative debugging strategies in advance by creating alternative schedules in response to various characteristic parameters.
Abstract:
Phosphate laser glass compositions which include erbium ions as the active laser ion material. In one aspect, ytterbium, chromium and cerium ions are present as auxiliary dopants. The ytterbium, chromium and cerium additives serve to sensitize the erbium-doped phosphate glasses of the present invention. The glasses are particularly useful in applications where an "eye-safe" wavelength is desirable.
Abstract:
A phosphate laser glass in which the optical path length is substantially independent of temperature, or "athermal", particularly under rapid pulsing, and chemically stable, while providing high gain. The base glass composition comprises, in mole percent, 55 to 70% P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 3 to 15% of an alkali metal oxide, preferably Li.sub.2 O plus K.sub.2 O, 20 to 30% BaO and 0.5 to 5% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. Up to 15% of the BaO may be replaced by CaO, SrO or MgO and part of the Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 may be replaced by Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3. The total Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 plus Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3 is 4 mole percent .+-.1.5%. The laser glass composition also includes a laseable component, preferably Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3 and preferably includes a solarization inhibitor.
Abstract translation:一种磷酸盐激光玻璃,其中光路长度基本上与温度无关,或“无热”,特别是在快速脉冲下,并具有化学稳定性,同时提供高增益。 基础玻璃组合物以摩尔%计含有55-70%P 2 O 5,3-15%碱金属氧化物,优选Li 2 O加K 2 O,20-30%BaO和0.5-5%Al 2 O 3。 高达15%的BaO可被CaO,SrO或MgO代替,部分Al2O3可被Nd2O3替代。 总Al2O3加Nd2O3为4摩尔%+/- 1.5%。 激光玻璃组合物还包括可发射组分,优选为Nd 2 O 3,并且优选包含防晒剂。
Abstract:
A capacitor exhibiting a benign failure mode has a first electrode layer, a first ceramic dielectric layer deposited on a surface of the first electrode, and a second electrode layer disposed on the ceramic dielectric layer, wherein selected areas of the ceramic dielectric layer have additional dielectric material of sufficient thickness to exhibit a higher dielectric breakdown voltage than the remaining majority of the dielectric layer. The added thickness of the dielectric layer in selected areas allows lead connections to be made at the selected areas of greater dielectric thickness while substantially eliminating a risk of dielectric breakdown and failure at the lead connections, whereby the benign failure mode is preserved.
Abstract:
A high-gain phosphate glass composition, which can be used to produce ultra-short gain length lasers and optical amplifiers is described wherein the composition of the glass in addition to exhibiting high gain for lasers and amplifiers, also exhibits high thermal shock resistance, high cross section, insignificant concentration quenching, and high solubility for rare earth ions and other properties which enable the material to be fabricated into a new class of ultra-short length micro-laser, fiber laser and amplifier configurations and designs.
Abstract:
H.sub.2 S is removed from a fluid stream by contacting the stream with an aqueous solution having at least two components: an effective amount of an iron (III) chelate to oxidize H.sub.2 S to sulfur and, an amount of a water soluble anionic polymer containing sulfonic acid groups, carboxyl groups or mixtures thereof which is effective to stabilize the chelate. During the removal process the iron chelate is reduced to iron(II) chelate, and sulfur particles are produced.
Abstract:
Ion-exchangeable phosphate glass compositions containing in mole percent from about 50 to 70% P.sub.2 O.sub.5, from about 5 to 30% Li.sub.2 O, from about 5 to 25% MO, where M is selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn, and about 5 to 30% X.sub.2 O.sub.3, where X is selected from the group consisting of Al, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu are provided. In another aspect, the phosphate glass compositions of the present invention also contain in mole percent up to 10% R.sub.2 O, where R is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb and Cs. Solarization inhibitors and minor amounts of anhydrous fluorides and chlorides are also included in some embodiments. Optical quality phosphate glass articles formed of the phosphate glass compositions of the present invention are readily ion- exchangeable when contacted with certain salts. Optical quality phosphate glass articles are also provided having good thermal shock resistance. These glass articles have an inner tension region and an outer compressive surface layer formed using an ion exchange process. In some embodiments, laser rods and similar active optical elements are formed from the strengthened phosphate glass articles of the present invention where the optical elements are doped with an amount of a suitable dopant effective for laser activity.