公开(公告)号：US5991476A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-23

申请号：US76692

申请日：1998-05-12

Applicant: Douglas M. Baney ,  Steven A. Newton ,  Wayne V. Sorin

Inventor： Douglas M. Baney ,  Steven A. Newton ,  Wayne V. Sorin

IPC: H04B10/02 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  G02B6/26

CPC classification number: H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/0041

Abstract: An optical switch includes a pump source, a pump director, and a pump-dependent attenuator. The pump-dependent attenuator passes optical signals when it is supplied with pump energy at a pumping wavelength and attenuates optical signals when it is not supplied with pump energy. The pump source generates pump energy for the pump-dependent attenuator, and the pump director optically manipulates the delivery of pump energy to the pump-dependent attenuator. In a preferred embodiment, the pump-dependent attenuator is an erbium-doped fiber (EDF), the pump source is a laser diode, and the pump director is a tunable fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The EDF is located along an optical signal transmission path between an input waveguide and an output waveguide. The tunable FBG is located along a transmission path between the laser diode and the EDF. To operate the switch, pump energy at a pumping wavelength is generated by the laser diode and transmitted toward the tunable FBG. To turn on the switch, the FBG is tuned off of the pumping wavelength of the EDF, thereby passing pump energy to the EDF, and to turn off the switch, the FBG is tuned onto the pumping wavelength of the EDF, thereby blocking pump energy to the EDF. An adjustable bandpass filter may also be used as the pump director. The optical switch can also be applied to various optical systems, such as a 1.times.N switch, add/drop multiplexers, broadcast/multicast switches, and wavelength-selectable lasers.

Abstract translation: 光开关包括泵浦源，泵导向器和与泵相关的衰减器。 泵依赖的衰减器在泵浦能量提供泵浦波长的情况下传递光信号，并且在不提供泵浦能量时衰减光信号。 泵浦源为泵依赖的衰减器产生泵浦能量，并且泵控制器可以将泵浦能量传递到与泵相关的衰减器。 在优选实施例中，泵依赖衰减器是掺铒光纤（EDF），泵浦源是激光二极管，并且泵导向器是可调光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）。 EDF沿着输入波导和输出波导之间的光信号传输路径定位。 可调FBG位于激光二极管和EDF之间的传输路径上。 为了操作开关，泵浦波长的泵浦能量由激光二极管产生并传输到可调FBG。 为了打开开关，FBG被调谐离开EDF的泵浦波长，从而将泵浦能量传递到EDF，并关闭开关，将FBG调谐到EDF的泵浦波长，从而阻止泵浦能量 到EDF。 也可以使用可调带通滤波器作为泵导向器。 光开关还可以应用于各种光学系统，例如1xN开关，分插复用器，广播/组播开关和波长可选激光器。

公开(公告)号：US4812038A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-14

申请号：US5993

申请日：1987-01-21

Applicant: Moshe Nazarathy ,  Steven A. Newton ,  Scott H. Foster

Inventor： Moshe Nazarathy ,  Steven A. Newton ,  Scott H. Foster

IPC: G01M11/00 ,  G02B6/00 ,  G01N21/84

CPC classification number: G01M11/3118

Abstract: A method of dynamically changing the measurement window and operating parameters of the instrument, based on intermediate results, in order to minimize the total time required to make a complete measurement. Also, a method of combining partial results from subwindows into a final result to be displayed that has not been corrupted by variation in system response due to time-varying operating parameters.

Abstract translation: 基于中间结果动态地改变仪器的测量窗口和操作参数的方法，以便最小化完成测量所需的总时间。 而且，一种将子窗口的部分结果组合到待显示的最终结果的方法，该最终结果由于随时间变化的操作参数而不被系统响应的变化所破坏。

公开(公告)号：US4676585A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-30

申请号：US637042

申请日：1984-07-09

Applicant: Herbert J. Shaw ,  John E. Bowers ,  Steven A. Newton

Inventor： Herbert J. Shaw ,  John E. Bowers ,  Steven A. Newton

IPC: G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/28 ,  H04B10/02 ,  G02B6/26

CPC classification number: G02B6/2861 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/2826 ,  G02B6/283 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: A continuously variable optical delay line having a first substrate (66, 70) and a second substrate (95). The first substrate is composed of a quartz block (70) with a large radius of curvature along its length, supporting a silicon substrate (66) having a plurality of longitudinal, parallel v-grooves (68). A single length (121) of single mode optical fiber is wrapped around the first substrate (66, 70) in helical fashion with each loop being secured in one of the v-grooves (68). The portions of the fiber (121) in the v-grooves (68) are lapped and polished to create a flat coupling surface extending laterally and longitudinally across the first substrate (66, 70). The second substrate (91) is composed of a quartz block with a single v-groove holding a segment of single mode fiber (95). The radius of curvature of this v-groove is substantially smaller than that of the first substrate, such that the flat coupling surface of the second substrate (91) is shorter than that of the first substrate (66). The first and second substrates are placed together such that the fiber in the second substrate is coupled to the fiber in the first substrate. By moving (142) the second substrate longitudinally with respect to the first substrate, a continuously variable delay can be obtained. The continuously variable delay line can be combined with a separate discretely variable delay line to create a longer continuous variable delay. The continuous variable delay line can be formed with only one v-groove (68) in the first substrate (66).

Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / US82 / 01609 Sec。 371日期1984年7月9日 102（e）日期1984年7月9日PCT申请日1982年11月12日PCT公布。 出版物WO84 / 02006 日期：1984年5月24日。一种具有第一基板（66,70）和第二基板（95）的连续可变光延迟线。 第一衬底由沿其长度具有大曲率半径的石英块（70）组成，支撑具有多个纵向平行V形槽（68）的硅衬底（66）。 单模光纤的单个长度（121）以螺旋方式缠绕在第一基板（66,70）周围，每个环固定在一个V形槽（68）中。 所述v形槽（68）中的所述纤维（121）的所述部分被研磨和抛光以产生横向和纵向延伸穿过所述第一衬底（66,70）的平坦的联接表面。 第二基板（91）由具有保持单模光纤（95）的单个v形槽的石英块组成。 该v形槽的曲率半径比第一衬底的曲率半径小，使得第二衬底（91）的平坦耦合表面比第一衬底（66）的平坦的耦合表面短。 将第一和第二基板放置在一起，使得第二基板中的光纤耦合到第一基板中的光纤。 通过相对于第一基板纵向移动（142）第二基板，可以获得连续可变的延迟。 连续可变延迟线可以与单独的离散可变延迟线组合以产生更长的连续可变延迟。 连续可变延迟线可以在第一基板（66）中仅形成一个V形槽（68）。

公开(公告)号：US4564293A

公开(公告)日：1986-01-14

申请号：US520605

申请日：1983-08-05

Applicant: Steven A. Newton ,  Herbert J. Shaw ,  Cassius C. Cutler

Inventor： Steven A. Newton ,  Herbert J. Shaw ,  Cassius C. Cutler

IPC: G01B9/02 ,  G01C19/72 ,  G01C19/64

CPC classification number: G01C19/72

Abstract: Method and apparatus for improving the sensitivity of Sagnac gyroscopes and other interferometers utilizing a fiber optic loop by minimizing the effects of backscattered radiation. In one disclosed embodiment, the amplitude of coincident backscattered radiation is significantly reduced by applying the light in the form of a pulse of short duration and gating the output so that only the scattered energy from a short length of the fiber contributes to the interfering wave. The interference is reduced even further by processing or constructing the loop to eliminate the scattering sources in the short segment which can give rise to coincident backscattered power.

Abstract translation: 用于通过最小化背散射辐射的影响来提高利用光纤环路的Sagnac陀螺仪和其它干涉仪的灵敏度的方法和装置。 在一个公开的实施例中，通过以短持续时间的脉冲的形式施加光并门控输出，使得只有来自光纤的短长度的散射能量有助于干扰波，才能显着地减少重合后向散射辐射的幅度。 通过处理或构造回路以消除短段中的散射源，甚至可以进一步降低干扰，这可以产生一致的反向散射功率。