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公开(公告)号：US08048582B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-01
申请号：US12925840
申请日：2010-11-01
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
摘要翻译： PEM燃料电池发电厂包括燃料电池，每个燃料电池具有阴极反应物流场板，其基本上不透液体，冷却剂源和与所述冷却剂源相邻的流体可渗透阳极反应物流场板。 阳极反应物流场板将冷却剂从冷却剂源传递到冷却剂被蒸发以冷却电池的电池中。 阴极流场板防止相邻电池之间的反应物交叉。 通过为发电厂中的每个电池提供单个可渗透板，停电时存在于发电厂中的冷却剂的量被限制在不需要辅助冷却剂吹扫部件以在发电厂关闭时从板上去除冷却剂的程度 在冷冻环境条件下下降。 因此，在这种冷冻条件下在关闭期间在板中形成的发电厂中剩余的冷冻冷冻剂的量将受到限制。 因此，由于在启动期间必须熔化的冷冻冷冻剂的量减少，因此发电厂可以重新启动并迅速达到完全的工作功率水平。 冷却剂源中的压力优选大于环境压力，并且阳极反应物流场中的压力大于冷却剂源中的压力，以便防止冷却剂淹没电池。 发电厂非常适合用于为车辆供电。
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公开(公告)号：US20110045371A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-24
申请号：US12925840
申请日：2010-11-01
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
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公开(公告)号：US20100330448A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-30
申请号：US12735672
申请日：2008-05-07
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04179 , H01M8/04343 , H01M8/0435 , H01M8/04358 , H01M8/04716 , H01M8/04723 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04768 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A fuel cell power plant (10) includes an oxidant stream controlled to enter a fuel cell (12) of the plant at a pressure of between about 0.058 pounds per square inch gas (‘psig’) and about 4.4 psig and the oxidant stream passes through the fuel cell (12) at an oxidant stoichiometry of between about 120% and about 180%, and preferably between about 150% and 170%. A macro-pore cathode gas diffusion layer (36) is secured between a cathode catalyst (16) and a cathode flow field (28). A porous coolant plate (44) is secured in fluid communication with and adjacent the cathode flow field (28). The gas diffusion layer (36) and coolant plate (44) facilitate removal of product water to eliminate flooding and to permit operation at low oxidant stoichiometry and high water balance temperature, thereby minimizing need for water capture and heat rejection apparatus.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池发电厂（10）包括氧化剂流，所述氧化剂流被控制以在约0.058磅/平方英寸气体（“psig”）和约4.4psig之间的压力下进入所述设备的燃料电池（12），并且所述氧化剂流通过 以约120％至约180％，优选约150％至170％之间的氧化剂化学计量通过燃料电池（12）。 大孔阴极气体扩散层（36）固定在阴极催化剂（16）和阴极流场（28）之间。 多孔冷却剂板（44）固定成与阴极流场（28）流体连通并邻近阴极流场（28）。 气体扩散层（36）和冷却剂板（44）有助于去除产品水以消除溢流并允许在低氧化学计量和高水平衡温度下操作，从而最小化对捕集和排热装置的需要。
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公开(公告)号：US20090017344A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-15
申请号：US12224978
申请日：2006-04-07
CPC分类号： H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1053 , H01M8/106 , H01M8/1062
摘要： A composite electrolyte membrane (10) for a fuel cell (30) includes an ionomer component (16) extending continuously between opposed first and second contact surfaces (12, 14) defined by the membrane (10). The ionomer component is a hydrated nanoporous ionomer consisting of a cation exchange resin. The membrane (10) also includes a microporous region (18) consisting of the ionomer compound (16) and a structural matrix (20) dispersed through region (18) within the ionomer compound (16) to define open pores having a diameter of between 0.3 and 1.0 microns. The microporous region (18) does not extend between the contact surfaces (12, 14), and facilitates water management between the electrode catalysts (32, 34).
摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池（30）的复合电解质膜（10）包括在膜（10）限定的相对的第一和第二接触表面（12,14）之间连续延伸的离聚物组分（16）。 离聚物组分是由阳离子交换树脂组成的水合纳米多孔离子交联聚合物。 膜（10）还包括由离聚物化合物（16）组成的微孔区域（18）和通过离子交联剂化合物（16）内的区域（18）分散的结构基质（20），以限定开口孔 0.3和1.0微米。 微孔区域（18）不在接触表面（12,14）之间延伸，并且促进电极催化剂（32,34）之间的水管理。
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公开(公告)号：US20130230786A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-05
申请号：US13869384
申请日：2013-04-24
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04044 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04179 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： Coolant velocity greater than zero everywhere within the coolant channels (78, 85) of fuel cells (38) in a fuel cell stack (37) is assured by providing a flow of biphase fluid in the coolant channels, the flow being created by the outflow of a condenser (59). Positive pressure is applied to the coolant inlet (66) of the coolant channels. Biphase flow from an oxidant exhaust condenser, which may be a vehicle radiator (120), renders the coolant return flow more freeze tolerant. Using biphase flow within the coolant channels eliminates the need for a bubble-clearing liquid pump and reduces liquid inventory and other plumbing; this makes the fuel cell power plant more freeze tolerant.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池堆（37）中的燃料电池（38）的冷却剂通道（78,85）内的任何地方的冷却剂速度大于零，通过在冷却剂通道中提供双相流体的流动来确保，流动由流出 的冷凝器（59）。 正压力被施加到冷却剂通道的冷却剂入口（66）。 来自可以是车辆散热器（120）的氧化剂排气冷凝器的双相流动使得冷却剂返回流更具有耐冻性。 在冷却液通道内使用双相流动消除了清洗液体泵的需要，并减少了液体库存和其他管道的浪费; 这使得燃料电池发电厂更具有耐冻性。
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公开(公告)号：US07887966B2
公开(公告)日：2011-02-15
申请号：US12002815
申请日：2007-12-19
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
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公开(公告)号：US20080299422A1
公开(公告)日：2008-12-04
申请号：US12159091
申请日：2005-12-30
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04044 , H01M8/04231 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A fuel cell stack includes at least one fuel cell having a fuel inlet for directing a hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell to generate electric current; a sensor cell having an anode, a cathode and a membrane between the anode and the cathode, the anode being communicated with the fuel inlet to receive a portion of fuel from the fuel inlet, the sensor cell being connected across the stack to carry the electric current whereby hydrogen from the portion of fuel is electrochemically pumped to the cathode of the sensor cell; and a sensor communicated with the sensor cell to receive a signal corresponding to evolution of hydrogen from the anode to the cathode of the sensor cell and adapted to detect contaminants in the fuel based upon the signal.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池堆包括至少一个具有用于将氢燃料引导到燃料电池以产生电流的燃料入口的燃料电池; 具有在阳极和阴极之间的阳极，阴极和膜的传感器单元，阳极与燃料入口连通以从燃料入口接收一部分燃料，传感器单元跨越堆叠连接以承载电 来自燃料部分的氢气被电化学泵送到传感器电池的阴极; 以及传感器，与传感器单元通信，以接收对应于氢从传感器单元的阳极到阴极的演变的信号，并且适于基于该信号来检测燃料中的污染物。
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公开(公告)号：US20080124591A1
公开(公告)日：2008-05-29
申请号：US12002815
申请日：2007-12-19
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
摘要翻译： PEM燃料电池发电厂包括燃料电池，每个燃料电池具有阴极反应物流场板，其基本上不透液体，冷却剂源和与所述冷却剂源相邻的流体可渗透阳极反应物流场板。 阳极反应物流场板将冷却剂从冷却剂源传递到冷却剂被蒸发以冷却电池的电池中。 阴极流场板防止相邻电池之间的反应物交叉。 通过为发电厂中的每个电池提供单个可渗透板，停电时存在于发电厂中的冷却剂的量被限制在不需要辅助冷却剂吹扫部件以在发电厂关闭时从板上去除冷却剂的程度 在冷冻环境条件下下降。 因此，在这种冷冻条件下在关闭期间在板中形成的发电厂中剩余的冷冻冷冻剂的量将受到限制。 因此，由于在启动期间必须熔化的冷冻冷冻剂的量减少，因此发电厂可以重新启动并迅速达到完全的工作功率水平。 冷却剂源中的压力优选大于环境压力，并且阳极反应物流场中的压力大于冷却剂源中的压力，以便防止冷却剂淹没电池。 发电厂非常适合用于为车辆供电。
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19.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08182954B2
公开(公告)日：2012-05-22
申请号：US12284904
申请日：2008-09-26
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2484
摘要： Water passageways (67; 78, 85; 78a, 85a) that provide water through reactant gas flow field plates (74, 81) to cool the fuel cells (38) may be grooves (76, 77; 83, 84) or may comprise a plane of porous hydrophilic material (78a, 85a), may be vented to atmosphere (99) by a porous plug (69), or pumped (89, 146) with or without removing any water from the passageways. A condenser (59, 124) receives exhaust of reactant air that evaporatively cools the stack (37), and may have a contiguous reservoir (64, 128), be vertical (a vehicle radiator, FIG. 2), be horizontal across the top of the stack (37, FIG. 5), or below (124) the stack (120). Condenser air flow may be controlled by shutters (155), or by a controlled, freeze-proof heat exchanger (59a). A deionizer (175) may be used. Sensible heat transferred into the water is removed by a heat exchanger 182; a controller (185) controls water flow (180) and temperature as well as air flow to provide predetermined allocation of cooling between evaporative and sensible.
摘要翻译： 通过用于冷却燃料电池（38）的反应气体流场板（74,81）提供水的水通道（67; 78,85; 78a，85a）可以是凹槽（76,77; 83,84），或者可以包括 多孔亲水材料（78a，85a）的平面可以通过多孔塞（69）排放到大气中（99），或者在有或没有从通道中去除任何水的情况下泵送（89,146）。 冷凝器（59,124）接收蒸发冷却堆（37）的反应物空气的排气，并且可以具有连续的储存器（64,128），垂直（图2的车辆散热器）横跨顶部 （37，图5）或下方（124）堆叠（120）。 冷凝器空气流可以由百叶窗（155）或受控的防冻热交换器（59a）控制。 可以使用去离子器（175）。 通过热交换器182除去传递到水中的明显的热量; 控制器（185）控制水流（180）和温度以及气流，从而在蒸发和显热之间提供预定的冷却分配。
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20.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20090035616A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-05
申请号：US12284904
申请日：2008-09-26
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2484
摘要： Water passageways (67; 78, 85; 78a, 85a) that provide water through reactant gas flow field plates (74, 81) to cool the fuel cells (38) may be grooves (76, 77; 83, 84) or may comprise a plane of porous hydrophilic material (78a, 85a), may be vented to atmosphere (99) by a porous plug (69), or pumped (89, 146) with or without removing any water from the passageways. A condenser (59, 124) receives exhaust of reactant air that evaporatively cools the stack (37), and may have a contiguous reservoir (64, 128), be vertical (a vehicle radiator, FIG. 2), be horizontal across the top of the stack (37, FIG. 5), or below (124) the stack (120). Condenser air flow may be controlled by shutters (155), or by a controlled, freeze-proof heat exchanger (59a). A deionizer (175) may be used. Sensible heat transferred into the water is removed by a heat exchanger 182; a controller (185) controls water flow (180) and temperature as well as air flow to provide predetermined allocation of cooling between evaporative and sensible.
摘要翻译： 通过用于冷却燃料电池（38）的反应气体流场板（74,81）提供水的水通道（67; 78,85; 78a，85a）可以是凹槽（76,77; 83,84），或者可以包括 多孔亲水材料（78a，85a）的平面可以通过多孔塞（69）排放到大气中（99），或者在有或没有从通道中去除任何水的情况下泵送（89,146）。 冷凝器（59,124）接收蒸发冷却堆（37）的反应物空气的排气，并且可以具有连续的储存器（64,128），垂直（图2的车辆散热器）横跨顶部 （37，图5）或下方（124）堆叠（120）。 冷凝器空气流可以由百叶窗（155）或受控的防冻热交换器（59a）控制。 可以使用去离子器（175）。 通过热交换器182除去传递到水中的明显的热量; 控制器（185）控制水流（180）和温度以及气流，从而在蒸发和显热之间提供预定的冷却分配。
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