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公开(公告)号：US08470480B2
公开(公告)日：2013-06-25
申请号：US12087088
申请日：2005-12-29
IPC分类号： H01M8/06
CPC分类号： H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04044 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04179 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： Coolant velocity greater than zero everywhere within the coolant channels (78, 85) of fuel cells (38) in a fuel cell stack (37) is assured by providing a flow of gas in the coolant channels, the flow being created by gas pressure from a source (92) of pressurized gas, an oxidant reactant air pump (52), a source (75) of hydrogen-containing fuel, or the fuel outlet (47), or the outflow of a condenser (59). Positive pressure may be applied to the coolant inlet (66) or negative pressure from an eductor (97) may be applied to a gas outlet (90) of the coolant channels, or both. Using gas to induce flow within the coolant channels eliminates the need for a bubble-clearing liquid pump and reduces liquid inventory and other plumbing; this makes the fuel cell power plant more freeze tolerant. Biphase flow from the condenser, which may be a vehicle radiator (120), renders the coolant return flow more freeze tolerant. Separate cooler plates (122) may be used with a coolant management system (125).
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池堆（37）中的燃料电池（38）的冷却剂通道（78,85）内的任何地方的冷却剂速度大于零，通过在冷却剂通道中提供气体流来确保流动，气流由气体压力 加压气体源（92），氧化剂反应物气泵（52），含氢燃料源（75）或燃料出口（47）或冷凝器（59）的流出。 可以对冷却剂入口（66）施加正压力，或者可以将来自喷射器（97）的负压施加到冷却剂通道的气体出口（90）或两者。 使用气体在冷却剂通道内引起流动，消除了清除液体泵的需要，并减少液体库存和其他管道; 这使得燃料电池发电厂更具有耐冻性。 来自可以是车辆散热器（120）的冷凝器的双相流动使得冷却剂返回流更具有耐冻性。 分开的冷却器板（122）可以与冷却剂管理系统（125）一起使用。
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公开(公告)号：US08048582B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-01
申请号：US12925840
申请日：2010-11-01
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
摘要翻译： PEM燃料电池发电厂包括燃料电池，每个燃料电池具有阴极反应物流场板，其基本上不透液体，冷却剂源和与所述冷却剂源相邻的流体可渗透阳极反应物流场板。 阳极反应物流场板将冷却剂从冷却剂源传递到冷却剂被蒸发以冷却电池的电池中。 阴极流场板防止相邻电池之间的反应物交叉。 通过为发电厂中的每个电池提供单个可渗透板，停电时存在于发电厂中的冷却剂的量被限制在不需要辅助冷却剂吹扫部件以在发电厂关闭时从板上去除冷却剂的程度 在冷冻环境条件下下降。 因此，在这种冷冻条件下在关闭期间在板中形成的发电厂中剩余的冷冻冷冻剂的量将受到限制。 因此，由于在启动期间必须熔化的冷冻冷冻剂的量减少，因此发电厂可以重新启动并迅速达到完全的工作功率水平。 冷却剂源中的压力优选大于环境压力，并且阳极反应物流场中的压力大于冷却剂源中的压力，以便防止冷却剂淹没电池。 发电厂非常适合用于为车辆供电。
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公开(公告)号：US09570763B2
公开(公告)日：2017-02-14
申请号：US13261678
申请日：2010-12-23
申请人： Christopher John Carnevale , Timothy W. Patterson, Jr. , Robert M. Darling , Paravastu Badrinarayanan , Michael L. Perry
发明人： Christopher John Carnevale , Timothy W. Patterson, Jr. , Robert M. Darling , Paravastu Badrinarayanan , Michael L. Perry
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/521
摘要： A fuel cell power plant (36) has vertical fuel cells (102) each sharing a half of a hybrid separator plate (100) which includes a solid fuel flow plate (105) having horizontal fuel flow channels (106) on one surface and coolant channels (108) on an upper portion of the opposite surface, bonded to a plain rear side of a porous, hydrophilic oxidant flow field plate (115) having vertical oxidant flow channels (118). Coolant permeates through the upper portion of the porous, hydrophilic oxidant flow field plates and enters the oxidant flow channels, where it evaporates as the water trickles downward through the oxidant flow field channels, thereby cooling the fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池发电厂（36）具有垂直燃料电池（102），每个燃料电池共享一个混合隔板（100）的一半，该混合隔板包括在一个表面上具有水平燃料流动通道（106）的固体燃料流动板（105）和冷却剂 通道（108）在相对表面的上部结合到具有垂直氧化剂流动通道（118）的多孔亲水氧化剂流场板（115）的平坦的后侧。 冷却剂渗透通过多孔亲水氧化剂流场板的上部并进入氧化剂流动通道，当水向下流过氧化剂流场通道时，其蒸发，从而冷却燃料电池。
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4.发明申请APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUEL CELL START FROM FREEZING WITHOUT MELTING ICE 审中-公开燃料电池从没有熔化冰的冷冻开始的装置和方法公开(公告)号：US20110281186A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-17
申请号：US13138021
申请日：2009-01-26
CPC分类号： H01M8/04303 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04179 , H01M8/04253 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： Fuel cell systems (100, 400) and related methods involving accumulators (106, 200, 300, 406) with multiple regions (R1, R2; R1′, R2′) of differing water fill rates are provided. At least one accumulator region with a relatively more-rapid fill rate (R2; R2′) than another accumulator region (R1; R1′) is drained of water at shutdown under freezing conditions to allow at least that region to be free of water and ice. That region is then available to receive water from and supply water to, a fuel cell (102; 402) nominally upon start-up. The region having the relatively more-rapid fill rate (R2; R2′) may typically be of relatively lesser volume, and may be positioned either relatively below or relatively above the other region(s).
摘要翻译： 提供了具有不同充水率的多个区域（R1，R2; R1'，R2'）的燃料电池系统（100,400）和涉及蓄电池（106,200,300,406）的相关方法。 至少一个具有比另一蓄水区域（R1; R1'）更快速填充率（R2; R2'）的蓄水器区域在冷冻条件下关闭时排出水，以至少该区域不含水， 冰。 然后该区域可用于从启动时名义上接收来自燃料电池（102; 402）的水并向其供应水。 具有相对更快速填充率（R2; R2'）的区域通常可以具有相对较小的体积，并且可以位于相对低于或相对高于其它区域的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US20110045371A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-24
申请号：US12925840
申请日：2010-11-01
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
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公开(公告)号：US20100330448A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-30
申请号：US12735672
申请日：2008-05-07
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04179 , H01M8/04343 , H01M8/0435 , H01M8/04358 , H01M8/04716 , H01M8/04723 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04768 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A fuel cell power plant (10) includes an oxidant stream controlled to enter a fuel cell (12) of the plant at a pressure of between about 0.058 pounds per square inch gas (‘psig’) and about 4.4 psig and the oxidant stream passes through the fuel cell (12) at an oxidant stoichiometry of between about 120% and about 180%, and preferably between about 150% and 170%. A macro-pore cathode gas diffusion layer (36) is secured between a cathode catalyst (16) and a cathode flow field (28). A porous coolant plate (44) is secured in fluid communication with and adjacent the cathode flow field (28). The gas diffusion layer (36) and coolant plate (44) facilitate removal of product water to eliminate flooding and to permit operation at low oxidant stoichiometry and high water balance temperature, thereby minimizing need for water capture and heat rejection apparatus.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池发电厂（10）包括氧化剂流，所述氧化剂流被控制以在约0.058磅/平方英寸气体（“psig”）和约4.4psig之间的压力下进入所述设备的燃料电池（12），并且所述氧化剂流通过 以约120％至约180％，优选约150％至170％之间的氧化剂化学计量通过燃料电池（12）。 大孔阴极气体扩散层（36）固定在阴极催化剂（16）和阴极流场（28）之间。 多孔冷却剂板（44）固定成与阴极流场（28）流体连通并邻近阴极流场（28）。 气体扩散层（36）和冷却剂板（44）有助于去除产品水以消除溢流并允许在低氧化学计量和高水平衡温度下操作，从而最小化对捕集和排热装置的需要。
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公开(公告)号：US20090017344A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-15
申请号：US12224978
申请日：2006-04-07
CPC分类号： H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1053 , H01M8/106 , H01M8/1062
摘要： A composite electrolyte membrane (10) for a fuel cell (30) includes an ionomer component (16) extending continuously between opposed first and second contact surfaces (12, 14) defined by the membrane (10). The ionomer component is a hydrated nanoporous ionomer consisting of a cation exchange resin. The membrane (10) also includes a microporous region (18) consisting of the ionomer compound (16) and a structural matrix (20) dispersed through region (18) within the ionomer compound (16) to define open pores having a diameter of between 0.3 and 1.0 microns. The microporous region (18) does not extend between the contact surfaces (12, 14), and facilitates water management between the electrode catalysts (32, 34).
摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池（30）的复合电解质膜（10）包括在膜（10）限定的相对的第一和第二接触表面（12,14）之间连续延伸的离聚物组分（16）。 离聚物组分是由阳离子交换树脂组成的水合纳米多孔离子交联聚合物。 膜（10）还包括由离聚物化合物（16）组成的微孔区域（18）和通过离子交联剂化合物（16）内的区域（18）分散的结构基质（20），以限定开口孔 0.3和1.0微米。 微孔区域（18）不在接触表面（12,14）之间延伸，并且促进电极催化剂（32,34）之间的水管理。
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公开(公告)号：US20130260274A1
公开(公告)日：2013-10-03
申请号：US13261678
申请日：2010-12-23
申请人： Christopher John Carnevale , Timothy W. Patterson, JR. , Robert M. Darling , Paravastu Badrinarayanan , Michael L. Perry
发明人： Christopher John Carnevale , Timothy W. Patterson, JR. , Robert M. Darling , Paravastu Badrinarayanan , Michael L. Perry
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/521
摘要： A fuel cell power plant (36) has vertical fuel cells (102) each sharing a half of a hybrid separator plate (100) which includes a solid fuel flow plate (105) having horizontal fuel flow channels (106) on one surface and coolant channels (108) on an upper portion of the opposite surface, bonded to a plain rear side of a porous, hydrophilic oxidant flow field plate (115) having vertical oxidant flow channels (118). Coolant permeates through the upper portion of the porous, hydrophilic oxidant flow field plates and enters the oxidant flow channels, where it evaporates as the water trickles downward through the oxidant flow field channels, thereby cooling the fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 燃料电池发电厂（36）具有垂直燃料电池（102），每个燃料电池共享一个混合隔板（100）的一半，该混合隔板包括在一个表面上具有水平燃料流动通道（106）的固体燃料流动板（105）和冷却剂 通道（108）在相对表面的上部结合到具有垂直氧化剂流动通道（118）的多孔亲水氧化剂流场板（115）的平坦的后侧。 冷却剂渗透通过多孔亲水氧化剂流场板的上部并进入氧化剂流动通道，当水向下流过氧化剂流场通道时，其蒸发，从而冷却燃料电池。
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公开(公告)号：US20130230786A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-05
申请号：US13869384
申请日：2013-04-24
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04014 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04044 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04179 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/20 , Y02T90/32
摘要： Coolant velocity greater than zero everywhere within the coolant channels (78, 85) of fuel cells (38) in a fuel cell stack (37) is assured by providing a flow of biphase fluid in the coolant channels, the flow being created by the outflow of a condenser (59). Positive pressure is applied to the coolant inlet (66) of the coolant channels. Biphase flow from an oxidant exhaust condenser, which may be a vehicle radiator (120), renders the coolant return flow more freeze tolerant. Using biphase flow within the coolant channels eliminates the need for a bubble-clearing liquid pump and reduces liquid inventory and other plumbing; this makes the fuel cell power plant more freeze tolerant.
摘要翻译： 在燃料电池堆（37）中的燃料电池（38）的冷却剂通道（78,85）内的任何地方的冷却剂速度大于零，通过在冷却剂通道中提供双相流体的流动来确保，流动由流出 的冷凝器（59）。 正压力被施加到冷却剂通道的冷却剂入口（66）。 来自可以是车辆散热器（120）的氧化剂排气冷凝器的双相流动使得冷却剂返回流更具有耐冻性。 在冷却液通道内使用双相流动消除了清洗液体泵的需要，并减少了液体库存和其他管道的浪费; 这使得燃料电池发电厂更具有耐冻性。
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公开(公告)号：US07887966B2
公开(公告)日：2011-02-15
申请号：US12002815
申请日：2007-12-19
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0267 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04059 , H01M8/04164 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241
摘要： A PEM fuel cell power plant includes fuel cells, each of which has a cathode reactant flow field plate which is substantially impermeable to fluids, a coolant source, and a fluid permeable anode reactant flow field plate adjacent to said coolant source. The anode reactant flow field plates pass coolant from the coolant sources into the cells where the coolant is evaporated to cool the cells. The cathode flow field plates prevent reactant crossover between adjacent cells. By providing a single permeable plate for each cell in the power plant the amount of coolant present in the power plant at shut down is limited to a degree which does not require adjunct coolant purging components to remove coolant from the plates when the power plant is shut down during freezing ambient conditions. Thus the amount of residual frozen coolant in the power plant that forms in the plates during shut down in such freezing conditions will be limited. The power plant can thus be restarted and brought up to full operating power levels quickly due to the reduced amount of frozen coolant that must be melted during startup. Pressure in the coolant source is preferably greater than ambient pressure, and pressure in the anode reactant flow field is greater than the pressure in the coolant source so as to prevent the coolant from flooding the cells. The power plant is well suited for use in powering vehicles.
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