Abstract:
Benzene phosphorus dichloride can be prepared by the reaction of benzene and phosphorus trichloride in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, such as aluminum trichloride or ferric trichloride, at elevated temperature, such as from about 200.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., and superatmospheric pressure, such as no less than the vapor pressure of the components at the chosen reaction temperature, to insure a liquid reaction medium.
Abstract:
A bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) alkylphosphonate compound, such as one comprising an alkyl group of from about one to four carbon atoms, preferably bis(pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol) methylphosphonate, is a flame retardant compound. Such a compound can be prepared by the transesterification of a diphenyl alkyl phosphonate carrying the desired alkyl group with pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol. An alternative process of preparation comprises the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol, a trialkylamine, and an alkylphosphonic dihalide.
Abstract:
Organophosphorus dihalides can have one of their halogen substituents substituted with an alkyl group from a trialkylaluminum by gradual addition of the latter reagent to the former.
Abstract:
Bis(pentaerythritol phosphate) carbonate can be formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol phosphate alcohol and dihydrocarbyl carbonate, such as diphenyl carbonate, preferably in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, such as an imidazole, and in a high boiling organic solvent, e.g., a phosphate ester solvent, which allows for removal of by-product.
Abstract:
Isothiocyanates are formed by oxidizing, with gaseous oxygen or air, in the presence of a metal oxidation catalyst a dithiocarbamate with appropriate control of the pH of the reaction medium to suppress the formation of by-products. Optionally a quaternary ammonium halide catalyst can be used to increase product yield.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a process for decolorizing arylsulfonyl halides. The disclosed process decolorizes arylsulfonyl halides derived from the reaction of an arylsulfonic acid with a sulfur halide and a corresponding halogen. The resulting arylsulfonyl halide is contacted with a decolorizing agent and thereafter optionally dstilled. The decolorizing agent can be an oxidizing agent, for example, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, chlorine, nitric acid, and air in the presence of platinum on charcoal catalyst. The decolorizing agent can also be a reducing agent, e.g., dimethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, hydrogen sulfide, sodium hypophosphite and red phosphorus. Additionally, the decolorizing agent can be a compound having at least one alkene linkage, e.g., polybutadiene, C.sub.14 -C.sub.30 alpha-olefins, and unsaturated vegetable oils.
Abstract:
A process for the production of cinnamic acid is disclosed. The process uses an inert diluent to increase the stirrability of the reaction mixture and uses an amine derivative as a catalyst. The present process also uses combinations of acetic acid derivatives to produce the cinnamic acid.
Abstract:
A process for preparing substituted phthalic anhydrides, example 4-methylphthalic, in which the Diels-Alder addition product of a conjugated diene, example isoprene, and maleic anhydride is reacted with sulfur in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is zinc oxide and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. This reaction is carried out at elevated temperatures. A resulting thio derivative by-product can further be reacted with water at elevated temperatures in the presence of catalytic amounts of a base to form 4-methylphthalic anhydride. This base can be sodium hydroxide or N,N,N', N'-tetramethylguanidine. o-Dichlorobenzene can be added to prevent solids distillation during the process.
Abstract:
A process for preparing substituted phthalic anhydrides, e.g. 4-methylphthalic anhydride, in which the Diels-Alder addition product of a conjugated diene, e.g. isoprene, and maleic anhydride is reacted with bromine in the presence of an acid acceptor. Typical acid acceptors include dimethylformamide and pyridine.
Abstract:
Tetraalkyl silicates are produced by the reaction of silicon metal with an alkanol in the presence of an alkali metal salt of an alkoxyalkoxy alcohol or a polyalkylene glycol in either an alkoxyalkoxy alcohol or a polyalkylene glycol or mixtures thereof and recovery of the product. Tetramethyl silicate and tetraethyl silicate are the preferred products. The preferred alkoxyalkoxy alcohol is 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol. The preferred glycol is diethylene glycol. An indifferent solvent and/or a hydroxide-scavenger may be employed in the reaction mixture.