公开(公告)号：US4495077A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-22

申请号：US461730

申请日：1983-01-28

Applicant: Justin C. Powell ,  Stephen A. Levine

Inventor： Justin C. Powell ,  Stephen A. Levine

IPC: C10M133/16 ,  C10M1/28 ,  C10M1/36

CPC classification number: C10M133/16 ,  C10M2215/08 ,  C10M2215/082 ,  C10M2215/224 ,  C10M2215/28

Abstract: Amides of unsaturated cyclic keto acids, useful as friction improvers in lubricating oils, may be prepared by reaction of an amine such as ethanolamine with an unsaturated cyclic keto acid.

Abstract translation: 用作润滑油中的摩擦改进剂的不饱和环酮酸的酰胺可以通过胺如乙醇胺与不饱和环酮酸反应来制备。

公开(公告)号：US4431825A

公开(公告)日：1984-02-14

申请号：US367822

申请日：1982-04-12

Applicant: Justin C. Powell

Inventor： Justin C. Powell

IPC: C07C51/567 ,  C07D307/60

CPC classification number: C07C51/567 ,  C08F8/46 ,  C08F2810/30

Abstract: Products typified by alkenyl-substituted succinic acid anhydrides are prepared by reacting olefin oligomers with anhydrides of unsaturated aliphatic polycarboxylic acids in the presence of ferric chloride, ferric bromide, stannic chloride, or phosphoric acid H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 as catalyst.

Abstract translation: 通过烯基取代的琥珀酸酐代表的产物是在氯化铁，溴化铁，氯化锡或磷酸H 3 PO 4作为催化剂的存在下使烯烃低聚物与不饱和脂族多元羧酸的酸酐反应制备的。

公开(公告)号：US4330303A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-18

申请号：US861462

申请日：1977-12-16

Applicant: William M. Cummings ,  Justin C. Powell

Inventor： William M. Cummings ,  Justin C. Powell

IPC: C10L1/2383 ,  C10L1/22

CPC classification number: C10L1/2383

Abstract: A motor fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range and a detergent additive comprising an ethylenediamine reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acid lactone reaction product.

Abstract translation: 一种汽油燃料组合物，其包含在汽油沸程范围内沸腾的烃的混合物和包含烃基取代的酸内酯反应产物的乙二胺反应产物的洗涤剂添加剂。

公开(公告)号：US4257958A

公开(公告)日：1981-03-24

申请号：US42684

申请日：1979-05-25

Applicant: Justin C. Powell

Inventor： Justin C. Powell

IPC: C07C51/50 ,  C07D307/58 ,  C07D307/89 ,  C07D309/32

CPC classification number: C07C51/50

Abstract: Acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride are stabilized against the deteriorative effects of heat by addition thereto of an inorganic boron-oxygen compound typified by boric acid, boric anhydride, tributly borate, or borax.

Abstract translation: 酸酐如马来酸酐通过添加以硼酸，硼酸酐，致硼酸盐或硼砂为代表的无机硼氧化合物，耐热劣化的作用得到稳定化。

公开(公告)号：US4100091A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-11

申请号：US759962

申请日：1977-01-17

Applicant: Justin C. Powell

Inventor： Justin C. Powell

IPC: C09K5/08 ,  C09K5/00

CPC classification number: C09K5/08

Abstract: Thermal energy, in particular, solar energy is absorbed and released by utilizing the allotropic change of endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride with heat. The thermal energy is absorbed above 90.degree. C, stored above 40.degree. C, and released at temperatures below 40.degree. C.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONField of the InventionThis invention relates to the storage of thermal energy by the allotropic change of endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride.One troublesome problem encountered with energy forms such as solar energy, which is intermittent in nature, is storing the energy until it is needed.The present invention represents a solution to that problem and is based on the discovery that endo-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (NDAA) can store thermal energy at about 93.degree. C and release such energy at temperatures below 40.degree. C. The crystal structure of NDAA has been extensively studied at about room temperature and the transformation of the endo to the exo isomer has also received much attention in the literature. No previous investigators are known to have reported calorimetric changes at .apprxeq. 92.degree. C, or thermal energy absorption, storage, and release for NDAA.The endotherm onset for the compound of the invention is about 70.degree. C below its melting point (about 164.degree.-166.degree. C) observed by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies. After passing through the endotherm the endotherm could not be observed if the material were cooled above about 48.degree. C and reheated. Thermogravimetric analysis on a fresh sample showed less than 0.1 wt. percent loss up to 140.degree. C thereby ruling out a sublimation effect.The compound of the invention can be synthesized by a Diels-Adler reaction between maleic anhydride and cyclopentadiene. (L. F. Fieser, Organic Experiments, D. C. Heath (Boston) 1964 Chapter 15 p. 83.)In studies leading to the present invention, DSC was used to measure the transition points of heat uptake and release. The endothermic onset was 95.0 .+-. 0.5.degree. C initially for fresh NDAA. On subsequent cycles of cooling and reheating, the onsets were 91.0.degree. .+-. 0.5.degree. C at a heating rate of 10.degree. C/min. Upon rapid cooling, the onsets of the exotherm were 40.0.degree. C, 36.5.degree. C, and 35.0C (all .+-. 0.5.degree. C), respectively, in succeeding cycles.The energy absorbed was measured using the melting of pure indium as a standard. The .DELTA.H for NDAA averaged 3.3 .+-. 0.3 Kcal/mole (20 .+-. cal/g). This is compared to the allotropic change for orthorhombic sulfur to monoclinic sulfur at 95.6.degree. C: 0.088 Kcal/mole (2.74 cal/g). The exothermic energy appeared to be of the same order of magnitude as that absorbed.The 13.12 mg sample of NDAA was as much as 9.degree. C cooler than the temperature of a reference thermocouple at 97.degree. to 100.degree. when heated at 10.degree. C/min and as much 50.degree. hotter than the reference at 36.degree.-44.degree. C when cooled.Infrared specroscopy indicated no chemical changes were associated with the uptake or release of heat. Spectra were recorded of a mineral oil mull of NDAA at 28.degree. C, 82.5.degree. to 88.degree. C, 101.degree.-102.degree. C, and again at 27.degree. C in that order in the 2.5 to 15.0 micrometer region using an electrically heated AgCl cell. There was a slight shift in the intensities of 3 absorption peaks between 11.8 and 12.9 micrometers which occurred gradually during heating and which did not change upon cooling even after standing overnight. This is attributed to a physical change in the mull.Polarized light microscopy (PLM) showed an allotropic change at the endothermic transition point. Using a petrographic microscope equipped with a hot stage the following observations were made:At room temperature NDAA crystals are anisotropic (bright and colored) in the dark field of crossed polarized light. Upon heating, the crystals lose their double refraction (become dark) between 92.degree. C and 97.degree. C. Small crystals, neat or in a mull (including the mull previously heated in the IR experiment discussed previously) gave a sharp crystal structure change at 94.5.degree. C at 2.degree.-4.degree. C/min. Under normal light the NDAA undergoes no significant change.The infrared data on NDAA obtained in a nujol mull confirmed its structure as follows:______________________________________ anhydride: med. absorption between 5.40 & 5.50 micrometers strong absorption between 5.65 & 5.75 micrometers other strong absorptions between 8.0 and 15.0 micrometers are between 8.15 & 8.25 micrometers between 9.25 & 9.35 micrometers between 11.00 & 11.30 micrometers between 13.70 & 13.80 micrometers ______________________________________ The spectrographic data indicate no molecular structural change as the solid is heated or cooled. The heat absorption and release is probably due to a crystal structural change not observable by IR spectroscopy. The data rule out a molecular change such as dehydration of the acid to the anhydride or a conversion to the exo isomer. The exo isomer is known to be formed at temperatures much higher (.apprxeq. 165.degree. C) than the sharp transition point observed and is not indicated by IR.

Abstract translation: 热能，特别是太阳能通过利用内消旋-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧酸酐的同素异形变化而被吸收和释放。 热能吸收在90℃以上，储存在40℃以上，在40℃以下放热。

公开(公告)号：US4003720A

公开(公告)日：1977-01-18

申请号：US585943

申请日：1975-06-11

Applicant: Raymond C. Schlicht ,  Justin C. Powell

Inventor： Raymond C. Schlicht ,  Justin C. Powell

IPC: C07F9/38 ,  C07F9/40 ,  C10L1/26

CPC classification number: C10L1/2675 ,  C07F9/3808 ,  C07F9/4006 ,  C10L1/2608

Abstract: Telomeric hydrocarbon phosphorus compounds and hydrocarbon compositions containing said compounds are described. The telomeric hydrocarbon phosphorus compounds are represented by the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and n has a value from 0 to 100.

Abstract translation: 描述了含有所述化合物的端基烃类磷化合物和烃组合物。 端基烃类磷化合物由下式表示：其中R是具有1至18个碳原子的烃基，n具有0至100的值。