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公开(公告)号：US5592163A
公开(公告)日：1997-01-07
申请号：US284086
申请日：1994-08-01
IPC分类号： H04N19/50 , H03M7/40 , H04L1/00 , H04L25/49 , H04N1/32 , H04N1/333 , H04N1/41 , H04N1/417 , H04N19/102 , H04N19/196 , H04N19/423 , H04N19/46 , H04N19/70 , H04N19/91 , H03M7/00
CPC分类号： H04N1/417 , H03M7/40 , H04N1/32128 , H04N1/33307 , H04N1/33315 , H04N2201/3212
摘要： This invention relates to a coding system and the coding method in encoding information source symbols of an image. When the total number of original information source symbols cannot be known at the decoding site just from the encoded symbols, it is an object to finish the decoding process correctly and decode the symbols equal to the number of original information source symbols.At an encoding site, the total number of information source unit composed of a finite number of information source symbols is placed at the tail of code at the completion of encoding process. For example, at the encoding site, the number of horizontal pels of an image are transmitted in advance as an information source unit and the total number of lines are placed at the tail of code at the completion of encoding process. At the decoding site, the number of decoded lines is counted and decoded up to the number of lines placed at the tail of code. As a result, it is possible to judge the end of information source symbols without missing the total number.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及对图像信息源码元进行编码的编码系统和编码方法。 当原始信息源符号的总数仅在编码符号的解码位置不能被知道时，其目的是正确地完成解码处理，并解码等于原始信息源符号数的符号。 在编码站点，在编码处理完成时，将由有限数量的信息源符号组成的信息源单元的总数放在代码的尾部。 例如，在编码部位，预先将图像的水平像素数作为信息源单位发送，并且在编码处理完成时将总行数置于代码的尾部。 在解码位置，解码行的数量被计数并解码直到放置在码尾的行数。 结果，可以判断信息源符号的结束而不丢失总数。
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公开(公告)号：US5307062A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-26
申请号：US990377
申请日：1992-12-15
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006
摘要： A coding system comprises the comparing circuit which compares a magnitude of the range on the number line which is allocated to the most probability symbol with a magnitude of the fixed range on the number line which is allocated to the Less Probability Symbol. If the range allocated to the MPS is smaller than that to the LPS, and when the symbol is the MPS, the range allocated to the LPS is generated. If the range allocated to the MPS is smaller than that to the LPS, and when the symbol is the LPS, the range allocated to the MPS is generated. By the system, a coding efficiency is improved especially when a probability of occurrence of LPS (Less Probability Symbol) is approximate to 1/2.
摘要翻译： 编码系统包括比较电路，其将分配给最大概率符号的号线上的范围的大小与分配给较小概率符号的号线上的固定范围的大小进行比较。 如果分配给MPS的范围小于LPS的范围，并且当符号是MPS时，则生成分配给LPS的范围。 如果分配给MPS的范围小于LPS的范围，并且当符号是LPS时，生成分配给MPS的范围。 通过该系统，当LPS的发生概率（Less概率符号）近似为1/2时，编码效率得到改善。
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公开(公告)号：US5059976A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-22
申请号：US470099
申请日：1990-01-25
CPC分类号： H04N1/417 , H03M7/4006
摘要： A coding method of a binary Markov information source comprises the steps of providing a range on a number line from 0 to 1 which corresponds to an output symbol sequence from the information source, and performing data compression by binary expressing the position information on the number line corresponding to the output symbol sequence. The present method further includes the steps of providing a normalization number line to keep a desired calculation accuracy by expanding a range of the number line which includes a mapping range, by means of a multiple of a power of 2, when the mapping range becomes below 0.5 of the range of the number line; allocating a predetermined mapping range on the normalization number line for less probable symbols LPS proportional to its normal occurrence probability; allocating the remaining mapping range on the normalization number line for more probable symbols MPS; and reassigning the predetermined mapping range to the remaining mapping range the half of a portion where the allocated remaining range is less than 0.5, when the allocated remaining range becomes below 0.5.
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公开(公告)号：USRE35781E
公开(公告)日：1998-05-05
申请号：US553235
申请日：1995-11-07
CPC分类号： H04N1/417 , H03M7/4006
摘要： A coding method of a binary Markov information source comprises the steps of providing a range on a number line from 0 to 1 which corresponds to an output symbol sequence from the information source, and performing data compression by binary expressing the position information on the number line corresponding to the output symbol sequence. The present method further includes the steps of providing a normalization number line to keep a desired calculation accuracy by expanding a range of the number line which includes a mapping range, by means of a multiple of a power of 2, when the mapping range becomes below 0.5 of the range of the number line; allocating a predetermined mapping range on the normalization number line for less probable symbols LPS proportional to its normal occurrence probability; allocating the remaining mapping range on the normalization number line for more probable symbols MPS; and reassigning the predetermined mapping range to the remaining mapping range the half of a portion where the allocated remaining range is less than 0.5, when the allocated remaining range becomes below 0.5.
摘要翻译： 二进制马尔科夫信息源的编码方法包括以下步骤：在从数字行0到1之间提供一个对应于来自信息源的输出符号序列的范围，以及通过二进制数据压缩来表示数字行上的位置信息 对应于输出符号序列。 本方法还包括以下步骤：提供归一化数字行以通过在映射范围变得低于2的情况下通过2的幂的倍数扩展包括映射范围的数字行的范围来保持期望的计算精度 数字线范围的0.5; 在归一化数行上分配与其正常发生概率成比例的较小可能符号LPS的预定映射范围; 在归一化数字行上分配剩余的映射范围以获得更可能的符号MPS; 并且当所分配的剩余范围变得低于0.5时，将预定映射范围重新分配给剩余映射范围，其中所分配的剩余范围小于0.5的部分的一半。
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公开(公告)号：US5311177A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-10
申请号：US901762
申请日：1992-06-19
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006 , G06F17/18
摘要： Although data is transmitted with efficiency by an arithmetic encoding system, the number of carry control signals increases in proportion to the number of consecutive bits "1" s or bytes X`FF` s in a conventional system. In the present invention, an arithmetic encoder 302 `detects the possibility of a carry generated during arithmetic coding operation being propagated beyond at least a predetermined number of consecutive bytes X`FF` s in a supplied arithmetic code 315. When the propagation of the carry is impossible, a carry control signal is inserted into the first 2 bits of the byte other than X`FF` which occurs immediately after the consecutive bytes X`FF` s so as to transmit the presence or absence of a carry. An arithmetic decoder 303 detects the continuation of at least a predetermined number of bytes X`FF` s in the arithmetic code 315, and arithmetically decodes an output value YN316 on the basis of the predicted value MPS317 of the occurrence probability of the output value YN316 to be encoded and the region width Qe of the complementary predicted value LPS. Since the number of total bits of the inserted carry control signals is reduced by this "one-time 2-bits insertion system", the total number of transmitted code bits is also reduced.
摘要翻译： 虽然通过算术编码系统有效地发送数据，但是进位控制信号的数量与常规系统中的连续比特数“1”或字节X'FF的比例增加。 在本发明中，算术编码器302'检测在所提供的算术代码315中，算术编码操作中产生的进位在至少预定数量的连续字节X'FF之后传播的可能性。当进位传播 不可能，在紧邻连续字节X'FF之后发生的X'FF'以外的字节的前2位插入进位控制信号，以发送进位的存在或不存在。 算术解码器303检测算术码315中至少预定数量的字节X'FF'的继续，并且基于输出值YN316的发生概率的预测值MPS317对输出值YN316进行算术解码 并且互补预测值LPS的区域宽度Qe。 由于通过“一次2位插入系统”减少了插入的进位控制信号的总比特数，所以发送码位的总数也减少了。
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公开(公告)号：US06351569B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09155166
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Tomohiro Kimura , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono
发明人： Tomohiro Kimura , Masayuki Yoshida , Fumitaka Ono
IPC分类号： G06K936
CPC分类号： G06T9/004
摘要： A prediction value is previously set in an MPS table corresponding to a state number, a state number for an encoding pixel is obtained from a STATE table, the prediction value is determined based on the MPS table using the state number, a pixel-to-symbol converter compares the prediction value and the encoding pixel to obtain a symbol, and an arithmetic encoder obtains an LPS interval from an LSZ table using the state number for the encoding pixel, and the arithmetic encoder implements encoding based on the symbol and the LPS interval.
摘要翻译： 先前在与状态号对应的MPS表中设置预测值，从STATE表获得编码像素的状态号，根据使用状态号的MPS表确定预测值， 符号转换器比较预测值和编码像素以获得符号，并且算术编码器使用编码像素的状态号从LSZ表获得LPS间隔，并且算术编码器基于符号和LPS间隔来实现编码 。
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公开(公告)号：US5404140A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US180644
申请日：1994-01-13
CPC分类号： H03M7/4006
摘要： A coding system comprises the comparing circuit which compares a magnitude of the range on the number line which is allocated to the most probability symbol with a magnitude of the fixed range on the number line which is allocated to the Less Probability Symbol. If the range allocated to the MPS is smaller than that to the LPS, and when the symbol is the MPS, the range allocated to the LPS is generated. If the range allocated to the MPS is smaller than that to the LPS, and when the symbol is the LPS, the range allocated to the MPS is generated. By the system, a coding efficiency is improved especially when a probability of occurrence of LPS (Less Probability Symbol) is approximate to 1/2.
摘要翻译： 编码系统包括比较电路，其将分配给最大概率符号的号线上的范围的大小与分配给较小概率符号的号线上的固定范围的大小进行比较。 如果分配给MPS的范围小于LPS的范围，并且当符号是MPS时，则生成分配给LPS的范围。 如果分配给MPS的范围小于LPS的范围，并且当符号是LPS时，生成分配给MPS的范围。 通过该系统，当LPS的发生概率（Less概率符号）近似为1/2时，编码效率得到改善。
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公开(公告)号：US20080260275A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-23
申请号：US11579453
申请日：2004-05-17
IPC分类号： H04N1/41
CPC分类号： H04N19/147 , H04N1/41 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/13 , H04N19/146 , H04N19/63
摘要： An image coding apparatus includes a rate control information extraction means for determining which up to a coding pass in which code block should be coded from the sum of the code amounts of the code blocks, the slope of an RD curve calculated from the distortion difference between a coding distortion at a time of coding each coding pass and a coding distortion at a time of coding a preceding coding pass, and the number of output bytes of the code amount of each coding pass, and the inverse of one of given rate control parameters which are listed in order of decreasing monotonously, and for outputting an end-of-coding pass, and a coded data extraction means for reading coded data including up to coded data corresponding to the end-of-coding pass, for adding the number of coding passes to the coded data, and for outputting them as a code stream.
摘要翻译： 图像编码装置包括：速率控制信息提取装置，用于根据代码块的代码量的和来确定哪个代码块应编码的代码块中的哪一个， 在编码每个编码遍期间的编码失真和编码前一编码遍期间的编码失真，以及每个编码遍的码量的输出字节数，以及给定速率控制参数之一的倒数 它们按照单调递减的顺序列出，并且用于输出编码结束通过，以及编码数据提取装置，用于读取包括与编码结束通过相对应的编码数据的编码数据，用于将编码次数 编码传递到编码数据，并将其作为代码流输出。
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公开(公告)号：US07209593B2
公开(公告)日：2007-04-24
申请号：US10320610
申请日：2002-12-17
申请人： Tomohiro Kimura , Masayuki Yoshida
发明人： Tomohiro Kimura , Masayuki Yoshida
CPC分类号： H03M7/40 , H03M7/30 , H03M7/4006
摘要： The present invention aims to increase an encoding efficiency when the occurrence probability of LPS (less probable symbol) is low. An encoding apparatus has a interval size (A), a interval limit value (C), divides a set interval which is set on a number line, selects a sub-interval corresponding to an occurring symbol, updates the interval size (A) and the interval limit value (C) with a limited precision based on the selected sub-interval size, and encodes a coordinate within the interval. Based on the probability (the occurrence probability of symbol) output from a learning memory, the sub-interval size (LSZ, dLSZ) and the sub-interval limit value are obtained. A correction value calculator computes the correction value based on the dLSZ, reflects the computed correction value (dA, dC) to the renormalized subinterval size (rA) and the renormalized sub-interval limit value (rC), updates the interval size (A7) to the sub-interval size, updates the interval limit value (C8) to the sub-interval limit value, and outputs a code.
摘要翻译： 本发明的目的在于当LPS（较不可能的符号）的发生概率低时，提高编码效率。 编码装置具有间隔大小（A），间隔限制值（C），对设定在数字行上的设定间隔进行分割，选择对应于发生符号的子间隔，更新间隔大小（A）和 基于选择的子间隔大小具有有限精度的间隔限制值（C），并对间隔内的坐标进行编码。 基于从学习存储器输出的概率（符号的发生概率），获得子间隔大小（LSZ，dLSZ）和子间隔极限值。 校正值计算器基于dLSZ计算校正值，将所计算的校正值（dA，dC）反映到重新归一化的子间隔大小（rA）和重新归一化的子间隔限制值（rC），更新间隔大小（A7） 到子间隔大小时，将间隔限制值（C8）更新为子间隔限制值，并输出代码。
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20.发明授权Two-dimensional code reading device, two-dimensional code reading method, method of controlling manufacturing history information of member having substantially circular section orthogonal to the central axis thereof, and method of manufacturing the member using the control method 有权二维码读取装置，二维码读取方法，控制具有与其中心轴正交的大致圆形截面的构件的制造历史信息的方法以及使用该控制方法制造构件的方法公开(公告)号：US08651382B2
公开(公告)日：2014-02-18
申请号：US12996637
申请日：2009-06-23
CPC分类号： G05B19/128 , G05B2219/31033 , G05B2219/31424 , G05B2219/36371 , G06K7/10792 , G06K19/06037 , G06K19/06046 , G06K19/06159
摘要： A two-dimensional code reading device 20 is provided with image pickup device 22 which receives light reflected from either of a first inclined portion 12 and a second inclined portion 13 in a direction forming an angle θ satisfying expression (1) with respect to the normal-line direction R, and light source 21 which irradiates either of the inclined portions from a direction forming an angle α satisfying expression (2) with respect to the normal-line direction R: 30°≦θ≦35° (1) Δθ=θ−180°+α+2β (2) where β is less than 90°, Δθ is not less than −10° but not more than 10°, and θ and α are angles in a turn direction reverse to a turn direction at which either of the inclined portions forms the angle β with respect to the normal-line direction R.
摘要翻译： 二维码读取装置20设置有图像拾取装置22，其接收从第一倾斜部分12和第二倾斜部分13中的任何一个反射的光，其形成相对于正常情况的形成（1）的角度θ的方向 线方向R和光源21，其相对于法线方向R从形成角度α满足表达式（2）的方向照射任一倾斜部分：30°（°）35°（1）Deltatheta = θ-180°+α+ 2beta（2）其中β小于90°，Deltatheta不小于-10°但不大于10°，θ和α是与转向方向相反的转向方向上的角度 哪一个倾斜部分相对于法线方向R形成角度β。
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