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公开(公告)号：US1677689A
公开(公告)日：1928-07-17
申请号：US7020125
申请日：1925-11-19
Applicant: GEN ELECTRIC
Inventor： ROBINSON LEWIS T , SABBAH CAMILLE A
IPC: H01J13/04
CPC classification number: H01J13/04 , H01J2893/0089
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12.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3699384A
公开(公告)日：1972-10-17
申请号：US3699384D
申请日：1971-09-07
Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO
Inventor： ECKHARDT WILFRIED O
CPC classification number: H01J13/04 , H01H2009/523 , H01J2893/0089
Abstract: An enclosed vessel containing one or more anodes, a main cathode, one or more auxiliary cathodes, and means for maintaining a low pressure in the tube comprises a liquid-metal arc switching device. The main cathode is fed with a metal which is liquid at convenient temperatures, so that limited quantities of the metal are present and available on the cathode for arcing. The interior of the vessel is maintained at a low background pressure so that, during nonconduction, vacuum space insulation is provided between the anodes and the cathodes. Arc initiation is accomplished by any convenient initiator, and the arc runs upon the small amount of liquid metal fed at an appropriate rate to the main cathode. For arc extinction, at least one auxiliary cathode is positioned within the envelope.
Abstract translation: 包含一个或多个阳极，主阴极，一个或多个辅助阴极和用于在管中保持低压的装置的封闭容器包括液体 - 金属电弧切换装置。 主阴极在方便的温度下供给液体的金属，因此在阴极上存在有限量的金属并可用于电弧。 容器的内部保持在低的背景压力，使得在非导电期间，在阳极和阴极之间提供真空空间绝缘。 通过任何方便的引发剂实现电弧引发，并且电弧在以适当速率供给至主阴极的少量液态金属上运行。 对于消弧，至少一个辅助阴极位于封套内。
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公开(公告)号：US3668453A
公开(公告)日：1972-06-06
申请号：US3668453D
申请日：1970-07-01
Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO
Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T , KNECHTLI RONALD C
CPC classification number: H01J13/04 , H01J2893/0089
Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a liquid-metal cathode, an anode, and a condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. A desirable value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is on the order of 100 or more and is attainable by means of a cathode such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,636, when used in the switch device. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0* C., preferably at about -35* C. which is just above the melting point of mercury. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. The anode is mounted between the cathode and the condenser, and it is positioned at the edge of the plasma jet to capture the major portion of the electron flow for electrical conduction. Most of the ions and neutral particles as well as a sufficient number of electrons to preserve space-charge and current neutrality, pass the anode in the plasma jet and are captured on the condenser. The combination of the high electronto-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, lowtemperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing, and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. These low pressures are obtained by maintaining the condenser in the range of low temperatures defined above. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the surfaces upon which it impinges, i.e., condenser and anode. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc.'''' The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing, and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing.
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14.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3662205A
公开(公告)日：1972-05-09
申请号：US3662205D
申请日：1970-07-02
Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO
Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T
CPC classification number: H01J13/04 , H01J2893/0089
Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a liquid-metal cathode, an anode, and a condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. A desirable value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is on the order of 100 or more and is attainable by means of a cathode such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,636. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0* C., preferably at about -35* C. which is just above the melting point of mercury. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. The anode is mounted between the cathode and the condenser, and it partially intercepts the plasma jet. The combination of the high electron-to-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, low-temperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing, and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. These low pressures are obtained by maintaining the condenser in the range of low temperatures defined above. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the surfaces upon which it impinges, i.e., condenser and anode. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc.'''' The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing, and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing.
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公开(公告)号：US3073983A
公开(公告)日：1963-01-15
申请号：US82851459
申请日：1959-07-21
Applicant: CUSTER ROLLA B , CLARENCE FIELD
Inventor： CUSTER ROLLA B , CLARENCE FIELD
CPC classification number: H01J13/04 , H01J13/22 , H01J2893/0074
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US1865512A
公开(公告)日：1932-07-05
申请号：US45395130
申请日：1930-05-20
Applicant: BROWN BOVERI & COMPAGNIE AG
Inventor： ARTHUR GAUDENZI , ERNST KOBEL
CPC classification number: H01J13/04 , H01J13/22 , H01J2893/0074
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公开(公告)号：US1769092A
公开(公告)日：1930-07-01
申请号：US14040426
申请日：1926-10-08
Applicant: BBC BROWN BOVERI & CIE
Inventor： STEPHEN WIDMER
CPC classification number: H01J13/48 , H01J13/04 , H01J13/56 , H01J2893/0074
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公开(公告)号：US20080191596A1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-14
申请号：US11674824
申请日：2007-02-14
Applicant: David Leo King
Inventor： David Leo King
IPC: H01J13/04
CPC classification number: G10K15/06 , A61B17/225
Abstract: A device for producing electrical discharges in an aqueous medium, the device has a first electrode 3 and a second electrode 4, where each electrode 3, 4 is made of a metal alloy 5 and each has an electrode tip 3C, 4C integral or otherwise affixed to said electrode 3, 4. Each tip 3C, 4C is made of a metal alloy and at least the outer surface of such tips includes a percentage of gold or platinum. Preferably the entire tip 3C, 4C portion is made of an alloy 5 having between 0.02 to 20 percent weight percent gold or platinum. The tip metal alloy 5 preferably has a base composition of steel, more preferably a base composition having either at least 4 percent cobalt or at least 4 percent nickel in combination with the small amount of gold or platinum. The use of gold or platinum provides exceptional electrical conductivity, but improves the ductility of the tip material such that the explosive and corrosive effects of the high voltage plasma discharges in the acoustic shock waves are greatly diminished.
Abstract translation: 一种用于在水性介质中产生放电的装置，该装置具有第一电极3和第二电极4，其中每个电极3,4由金属合金5制成，并且每个具有电极尖端3C，4C集成或 否则固定到所述电极3,4。 每个尖端3C，4C由金属合金制成，并且这些尖端的至少外表面包括一定百分比的金或铂。 优选地，整个尖端3C，4C部分由具有0.02至20重量％的金或铂的合金5制成。 尖端金属合金5优选具有钢的基础组成，更优选具有至少4％的钴或至少4％的镍与少量的金或铂组合的基础组合物。 金或铂的使用提供了卓越的导电性，但是提高了尖端材料的延展性，使得声波冲击波中的高电压等离子体放电的爆炸性和腐蚀性影响大大降低。
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公开(公告)号：US4093888A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-06
申请号：US692173
申请日：1976-06-02
Applicant: Gisela Eckhardt , Wilfried O. Eckhardt
Inventor： Gisela Eckhardt , Wilfried O. Eckhardt
CPC classification number: H01J13/04
Abstract: Liquid-metal plasma valve has an anode, a condenser and a force-fed liquid-metal cathode. These bound the interelectrode space through which the plasma jet acts during conduction. The cathode directs the plasma jet to impinge on an inclined surface which acts as the anode. The inclined surface reflects the particles to the condenser when the anode is noncondensing, but when the functions of anode and condenser are combined, the inclined surface of the condensing anode traps the jet particles. When the anode is noncondensing, in some cases the condenser and anode are at the same potential and in other cases the condenser and cathode are at the same potential. Cathode, anode and condenser are shaped to minimize the transit time of jet particles from emission to condensation.
Abstract translation: 液金属等离子体阀具有阳极，冷凝器和强力供给的液态金属阴极。 这些限制了等离子体射流在传导期间作用的电极间空间。 阴极引导等离子体射流撞击作为阳极的倾斜表面。 当阳极不凝结时，倾斜表面将颗粒反射到冷凝器，但是当阳极和冷凝器的功能组合时，冷凝阳极的倾斜表面捕获喷射颗粒。 当阳极非冷凝时，在某些情况下，冷凝器和阳极处于相同的电位，而在其他情况下，冷凝器和阴极处于相同的电位。 阴极，阳极和冷凝器成形为使射流颗粒从发射到冷凝的传播时间最小化。
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公开(公告)号：US3659132A
公开(公告)日：1972-04-25
申请号：US3659132D
申请日：1970-07-02
Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO
Inventor： ECKHARDT WILFRIED O
CPC classification number: H01J13/32 , H01J13/04 , H01J2893/0089
Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a force-fed liquid-metal cathode, an anode, a condenser which may or may not be subdivided for voltage grading purposes and, in the preferred embodiment, electrical shielding means for the condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. The required value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is above 50 to 1. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. In addition, during arcing as well as non-arcing periods, some of the liquid metal evaporates from the cathode. This evaporation occurs into a much larger solid angle than that subtended by the plasma jet. The anode is mounted facing the cathode and it intercepts the plasma jet, thus permitting current conduction between anode and cathode with minimum voltage drop. The anode is kept at an elevated temperature, so that none of the ions and neutrals of the impinging plasma jet can remain condensed on it. They are immediately re-evaporated, including the ions after they have been neutralized. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, at least 100 times the exposed liquid metal area to dominate the equilibrium and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0*, preferably at about -35* C, which is just above the melting point of mercury. The combination of the high electronto-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, low temperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the anode surface upon which it impinges. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc''''. The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing. Arcing may cease because of a zero in the current fed to the switching device, as in conventional arc devices, or it may cease due to depletion of the liquid metal available for arcing on the surface of the force-fed cathode. In the latter case, the current fed to the switching device is forcibly interrupted. The process employs these characteristics for switching.
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