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    Switching device
    1.
    发明授权
    Switching device 失效

    公开(公告)号：US3558960A

    公开(公告)日：1971-01-26

    申请号：US3558960D

    申请日：1968-11-27

    Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

    Inventor： HOFMANN GUNTER A G ,  KNECHTLI RONALD C

    IPC: H01H36/00 ,  H01J17/14 ,  H01J1/50

    CPC classification number: H01J17/14

    Abstract: The switching device has an anode and a cathode with a gasfilled space therebetween. Conduction causes ion implantation into the cathode, sputtering and adsorption pumping, with consequent reduction in gas pressure to result in cessation of conduction when the pressure decreases below the critical value. In the present switching device, this is prevented by providing an auxiliary gas volume which contributes gas as required.

    Magnetically controlled crossed-field interrupter and switch tube with pressure control for long duration pules
    2.
    发明授权
    Magnetically controlled crossed-field interrupter and switch tube with pressure control for long duration pules 失效
    磁力控制的跨断域和开关管与长寿命脉冲的压力控制

    公开(公告)号：US3638061A

    公开(公告)日：1972-01-25

    申请号：US3638061D

    申请日：1970-07-15

    Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

    Inventor： LUTZ MICHAEL A ,  KNECHTLI RONALD C

    IPC: H01J17/14 ,  H01J17/26 ,  H01J7/16 ,  H01J7/20

    CPC classification number: H01J17/26 ,  H01J17/14

    Abstract: In the absence of appropriate means for controlling the gas pressure, the time during which a crossed-field electrical switch can conduct is limited by the rapid pumping action of the discharge. The present invention discloses a crossed-field discharge switch in which pressure control is accomplished by selection of gas and electrode materials to minimize gas losses, and means is provided for adding additional gas, if needed. This structure permits a crossed-field electrical switch device to conduct for reasonable lengths of time without off-switching due to gas losses.

    Abstract translation: 在没有用于控制气体压力的适当方法的情况下，交叉场电气开关可以传导的时间受到放电的快速泵送作用的限制。 本发明公开了一种交叉场放电开关，其中通过选择气体和电极材料来实现压力控制以最小化气体损失，并且如果需要，提供用于添加额外气体的装置。 这种结构允许交叉场电气开关装置在合理的时间段内进行导通，而不会由于气体损耗而断开切换。

    Electrical switch device having a fed liquid-metal cathode and a non-intercepting anode
    4.
    发明授权
    Electrical switch device having a fed liquid-metal cathode and a non-intercepting anode 失效

    公开(公告)号：US3668453A

    公开(公告)日：1972-06-06

    申请号：US3668453D

    申请日：1970-07-01

    Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

    Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T ,  KNECHTLI RONALD C

    IPC: H01J13/04 ,  H01J1/10 ,  H01J7/16

    CPC classification number: H01J13/04 ,  H01J2893/0089

    Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a liquid-metal cathode, an anode, and a condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. A desirable value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is on the order of 100 or more and is attainable by means of a cathode such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,636, when used in the switch device. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0* C., preferably at about -35* C. which is just above the melting point of mercury. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. The anode is mounted between the cathode and the condenser, and it is positioned at the edge of the plasma jet to capture the major portion of the electron flow for electrical conduction. Most of the ions and neutral particles as well as a sufficient number of electrons to preserve space-charge and current neutrality, pass the anode in the plasma jet and are captured on the condenser. The combination of the high electronto-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, lowtemperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing, and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. These low pressures are obtained by maintaining the condenser in the range of low temperatures defined above. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the surfaces upon which it impinges, i.e., condenser and anode. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc.'''' The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing, and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing.

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