公开(公告)号：US3534226A

公开(公告)日：1970-10-13

申请号：US3534226D

申请日：1967-11-09

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T

IPC: H01H33/16 ,  H01H33/59 ,  H01J17/14 ,  H01H9/34 ,  H02H7/22

CPC classification number: H01H33/16 ,  H01H33/596 ,  H01J17/14

公开(公告)号：US3668453A

公开(公告)日：1972-06-06

申请号：US3668453D

申请日：1970-07-01

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T ,  KNECHTLI RONALD C

IPC: H01J13/04 ,  H01J1/10 ,  H01J7/16

CPC classification number: H01J13/04 ,  H01J2893/0089

Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a liquid-metal cathode, an anode, and a condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. A desirable value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is on the order of 100 or more and is attainable by means of a cathode such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,636, when used in the switch device. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0* C., preferably at about -35* C. which is just above the melting point of mercury. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. The anode is mounted between the cathode and the condenser, and it is positioned at the edge of the plasma jet to capture the major portion of the electron flow for electrical conduction. Most of the ions and neutral particles as well as a sufficient number of electrons to preserve space-charge and current neutrality, pass the anode in the plasma jet and are captured on the condenser. The combination of the high electronto-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, lowtemperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing, and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. These low pressures are obtained by maintaining the condenser in the range of low temperatures defined above. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the surfaces upon which it impinges, i.e., condenser and anode. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc.'''' The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing, and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing.

公开(公告)号：US3662205A

公开(公告)日：1972-05-09

申请号：US3662205D

申请日：1970-07-02

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T

IPC: H01J13/04 ,  H01J1/10

CPC classification number: H01J13/04 ,  H01J2893/0089

Abstract: The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a liquid-metal cathode, an anode, and a condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. A desirable value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is on the order of 100 or more and is attainable by means of a cathode such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,475,636. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0* C., preferably at about -35* C. which is just above the melting point of mercury. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. The anode is mounted between the cathode and the condenser, and it partially intercepts the plasma jet. The combination of the high electron-to-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, low-temperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing, and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. These low pressures are obtained by maintaining the condenser in the range of low temperatures defined above. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the surfaces upon which it impinges, i.e., condenser and anode. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc.'''' The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing, and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing.

公开(公告)号：US3641358A

公开(公告)日：1972-02-08

申请号：US3641358D

申请日：1970-06-10

Applicant: HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO

Inventor： LIAN KENNETH T ,  LONG WILLIS F

IPC: H01H33/59 ,  H02H3/02 ,  H01H9/30

CPC classification number: H01H33/596 ,  H02H3/021

Abstract: A circuit breaker is inserted in a high-current, high-voltage DC power line between the source and the load. The circuit breaker comprises a parallel connection of a transfer switch, an electronic switch, a first consecutive interrupter having a preferably nonlinear resistor in series therewith, and a second consecutive interrupter having a preferably nonlinear resistor in series therewith. Furthermore, a surge capacitor and its suppression resistance are serially connected in parallel around the second consecutive interrupter. When a fault occurs, the transfer switch is opened and is deionized during conduction of the electronic switch. Offswitching of the electronic switch causes current flow through the two parallel consecutive interrupters with their series resistances to decrease circuit current. During the period that the consecutive interrupters are sequentially opened, the electronic switch is conductive so that the consecutive interrupters can be deionized.

Abstract translation: 断路器插入在源极和负载之间的大电流，高压直流电源线中。 断路器包括转换开关，电子开关，具有与其串联的优选非线性电阻器的第一连续断路器和具有与其串联的优选非线性电阻器的第二连续断续器的并联连接。 此外，浪涌电容器及其抑制电阻并联连接在第二连续的断续器周围。 当发生故障时，转换开关打开，并在电子开关导通时去离子。 电子开关的开关导致电流流过两个并联连续的断续器并具有串联电阻以减小电路电流。 在连续断路器依次打开的时段期间，电子开关是导电的，使得连续的断路器可以是去离子的。