公开(公告)号：US06828714B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-07

申请号：US10138854

申请日：2002-05-03

Applicant: R. Gregory Downing ,  W. Bruce Feller ,  Paul L. White ,  P. Brian White

Inventor： R. Gregory Downing ,  W. Bruce Feller ,  Paul L. White ,  P. Brian White

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J1/32 ,  H01J43/22 ,  H01J43/246

Abstract: An electron multiplier includes a plate having a plurality of interconnected particles, e.g., fibers, having electron-emissive surfaces. The particles may include a neutron-sensitive and/or neutron reactive material, such as 6Li, 10B, 155Gd, 157Gd, —and/or hydrogenous compounds, in excess of their natural abundance. The particles may include an X-ray sensitive and/or X-ray reactive material, such as Pb.

Abstract translation: 电子倍增器包括具有多个互连的颗粒（例如具有电子发射表面的纤维）的板。 颗粒可以包括超过其天然丰度的中子敏感和/或中子反应性材料，例如<6> Li，10 B，<155> Gd，<157> Gd，和/或氢化合物 。 颗粒可以包括X射线敏感和/或X射线反应性材料，例如Pb。

公开(公告)号：US06642637B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US09537963

申请日：2000-03-28

Applicant: James P Spallas ,  Stuart L Friedman

Inventor： James P Spallas ,  Stuart L Friedman

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J37/252 ,  H01J37/244 ,  H01J43/24

Abstract: An electron multiplier having an access for allowing a beam to pass is presented. The electron multiplier collects particles traveling back along the beam and is capable of collecting the particles arbitrarily close to the beam. The electron multiplier includes at least two plates having secondary electron emitting surfaces, the at least two plates being separated by a small distance. The electron multiplier has a beam access through the at least two plates. Particles enter the electron multiplier in a direction opposite that of propagation of the beam and impact a secondary electron emitting surface, thereby being captured between the top plate and the bottom plate. In some embodiments of the invention, the electron multiplier is segmented so that azimuthal distributions of the particles can be determined. In some embodiments, the electron multiplier includes a stack of electron emitting surfaces arranged so that an angular distribution of the particles can be determined.

Abstract translation: 呈现具有允许光束通过的存取的电子倍增器。 电子倍增器收集沿着光束返回的颗粒，并且能够任意地收集靠近光束的颗粒。 电子倍增器包括具有二次电子发射表面的至少两个板，该至少两个板分开一小段距离。 电子倍增器具有通过至少两个板的光束通路。 颗粒以与光束的传播方向相反的方向进入电子倍增器，并撞击二次电子发射表面，从而被捕获在顶板和底板之间。 在本发明的一些实施例中，分割电子倍增器以便确定颗粒的方位角分布。 在一些实施例中，电子倍增器包括布置成使得可以确定颗粒的角分布的电子发射表面的堆叠。

公开(公告)号：US06455987B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-24

申请号：US09228375

申请日：1999-01-12

Applicant: Roger Durst ,  Yacouba Diawara

Inventor： Roger Durst ,  Yacouba Diawara

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J43/246

Abstract: An electron multiplication apparatus uses a matrix of dielectric particles interspersed with conductive particles. Typically a porous layer of metal oxide and relatively inert metal, the material provides high electron count rates while maintaining good temperature stability. The layer is located between a cathode and an anode that together provide desired voltage differentials. A mesh is also used on a side of the matrix layer opposite the cathode to conduct surface charge away from the matrix, while providing an intermediate voltage potential between that of the anode and the cathode. A voltage source is used to generate the voltage potentials for each of the anode, cathode and mesh layer, and the resulting electric fields provide a device that may be used in the detection of high energy particles and photons, such as x-rays. A preferred method of fabricating the material involves the codeposition of a metal prone to oxidation and a relatively inert metal to form a porous layer. A subsequent oxidization step results in a metal oxide being intermingled with a conductive material. The resulting matrix has a high counting rate, but maintains a negative temperature coefficient.

Abstract translation: 电子倍增装置使用散布有导电粒子的介电粒子的基体。 通常，金属氧化物和相对惰性金属的多孔层，该材料提供高电子计数率，同时保持良好的温度稳定性。 该层位于阴极和阳极之间，共同提供所需的电压差。 在与阴极相对的矩阵层的一侧上还使用网格，以将表面电荷从基体导出，同时在阳极和阴极之间提供中间电压电位。 使用电压源来产生用于阳极，阴极和网格层中的每一个的电压电位，并且所得电场提供可用于检测高能量粒子和光子（例如x射线）的装置。 制造材料的优选方法涉及易于氧化的金属的共沉积和相对惰性的金属以形成多孔层。 随后的氧化步骤导致金属氧化物与导电材料混合。 所得到的矩阵具有高计数率，但保持负温度系数。

公开(公告)号：US06252350B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-26

申请号：US09126786

申请日：1998-07-31

Applicant: Andres Alvarez

Inventor： Andres Alvarez

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: G09F13/22 ,  F21K9/232 ,  F21Y2113/20 ,  F21Y2115/10 ,  H01L25/13 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48247 ,  H01L2924/00014

Abstract: A surface mount LED is installed in an incandescent lamp housing. A printed circuit board is used to support the surface mount LED. The printed circuit board has a first conductive path having one end connected to a first terminal and a second conductive path having one end connected to a second terminal. The surface mount LED is installed on the printed circuit board with the anode mounted on the first conductive path and the cathode mounted on the second conductive path. A lamp housing with electrical contacts is used to deliver power to the surface mount LED through the terminals on the printed circuit board. Variations in optical performance can be achieved by combining surface mount LEDs with non-surface mount LEDs.

Abstract translation: 表面贴装LED安装在白炽灯外壳中。 印刷电路板用于支持表面贴装LED。 印刷电路板具有第一导电路径，其一端连接到第一端子，第二导电路径的一端连接到第二端子。 表面贴装LED安装在印刷电路板上，阳极安装在第一导电路径上，阴极安装在第二导电路径上。 具有电触点的灯壳体用于通过印刷电路板上的端子将功率传递到表面贴装LED。 通过将表面贴装LED与非表面贴装LED相结合可以实现光学性能的变化。