公开(公告)号：US06429578B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-06

申请号：US09236596

申请日：1999-01-26

Applicant: Mats Danielsson ,  Anders Brahme

Inventor： Mats Danielsson ,  Anders Brahme

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J47/02 ,  A61N5/1048 ,  A61N2005/1054 ,  G01T1/185

Abstract: A detector unit for detecting photons in the energy range 1 keV to 100 MeV, includes at least two converter layers adapted to interact with incident X-ray photons and to cause electrons to be emitted therefrom, at least one amplifier adapted to interact with the electrons emitted from the converters and adapted to produce a multiplicity of secondary electrons and photons representing a signal proportional to the incident fluence of X-ray photons, a connector connecting the detector to an electric field generator providing an electric drift field for secondary electrons in the detector, and a sensor device arranged to receive the signal and provide an input to electronic signal processor.

Abstract translation: 用于检测能量范围为1keV至100MeV的光子的检测器单元包括适于与入射的X射线光子相互作用并使电子从其发射的至少两个转换器层，适于与电子相互作用的至少一个放大器 从转换器发射并且适于产生多个二次电子和光子，其表示与X射线光子的入射注量成正比的信号;将检测器连接到电场发生器的连接器，该电场产生器为检测器中的二次电子提供电漂移场 以及传感器装置，被布置成接收信号并向电子信号处理器提供输入。

公开(公告)号：US06617768B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-09

申请号：US09541209

申请日：2000-04-03

Applicant: Stuart C. Hansen

Inventor： Stuart C. Hansen

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J49/025 ,  H01J43/246

Abstract: A multi dynode device (MDD) for electron multiplication and detection and a hybrid detector using the MDD have high peak signal output currents and large dynamic range while preserving the time-dependent information of the input event and avoiding the generation of significant distortions or artifacts on the output signal. The MDD and hybrid detector overcome saturation problems observed in conventional hybrid detectors by providing a unique electron multiplier portion that avoids the path-length differences. The MDD and hybrid detector can be used in mass spectrometry, in particular, time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The MDD comprises a plurality of dynode plates arranged in a stacked configuration. Each dynode plate in the stack has a plurality of apertures for cascading secondary electrons through the stack. Each aperture comprises a mechanical bias or offset with respect to the apertures in adjacent plates. The offset is such that the electrons will impact with one or more of the dynode plates. The MDD further comprises a power source to provide a voltage bias to the dynode plates. The power source comprises a voltage supply and a voltage divider. Each dynode plate is connected to a tap on the voltage divider such that a voltage gradient is produced along the stack. The MDD can supply high peak currents. The hybrid detector comprises an input portion having a microchannel plate MCP and an output portion having the multi dynode device (MDD). The MCP and MDD are adjacent to one another. The MDD is planar, flat, and compact like that of the MCP, such that important temporal integrity of an input signal event is preserved.

Abstract translation: 用于电子倍增和检测的多重倍增器装置（MDD）和使用MDD的混合检测器具有高峰值信号输出电流和大动态范围，同时保留输入事件的时间依赖信息，并避免产生明显的失真或伪像 输出信号。 MDD和混合式检测器通过提供避免路径长度差异的独特的电子倍增器部分来克服常规混合检测器中观察到的饱和问题。 MDD和混合检测器可用于质谱，特别是飞行时间质谱。 MDD包括以堆叠配置布置的多个倍增极板。 堆叠中的每个倍增极板具有多个用于通过堆叠层叠二次电子的孔。 每个孔包括相对于相邻板中的孔的机械偏置或偏移。 偏移使得电子将与一个或多个倍增极板相撞。 MDD还包括向倍增极板提供电压偏置的电源。 电源包括电压源和分压器。 每个倍增电极板连接到分压器上的抽头，使得沿堆叠产生电压梯度。 MDD可以提供高峰值电流。 混合式检测器包括具有微通道板MCP的输入部分和具有多重倍增器装置（MDD）的输出部分。 MCP和MDD彼此相邻。 MDD是类似于MCP的平面，平坦和紧凑的，使得保持输入信号事件的重要的时间完整性。

公开(公告)号：US06486592B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-26

申请号：US09636219

申请日：2000-08-10

Applicant: John Carl Nelson ,  Glen Anthony Maurice ,  George John Winter ,  John Michael Kessler ,  Ronald Wesley Ward

Inventor： John Carl Nelson ,  Glen Anthony Maurice ,  George John Winter ,  John Michael Kessler ,  Ronald Wesley Ward

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J5/56 ,  H01J5/50 ,  H01J2231/501

Abstract: A universal contact assembly for an image intensifier tube wherein the pin socket and flat are both parts of an integrally formed unit. The pin socket has a through hole for accepting a wire lead to be soldered. A method of making a universal contact assembly wherein the pin socket shell and flat are machined from a single piece.

Abstract translation: 一种用于图像增强管的通用接触组件，其中销座和扁平体是整体形成单元的两部分。 针插座具有用于接受要焊接的导线的通孔。 一种制造通用接触组件的方法，其中，针座和外壳由单件加工而成。

公开(公告)号：US06437491B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-20

申请号：US09326253

申请日：1999-06-04

Applicant: Joseph P. Estrera ,  Anthony J. Nico ,  Keith T. Passmore ,  Timothy W. Sinor ,  Robert H. Smithson

Inventor： Joseph P. Estrera ,  Anthony J. Nico ,  Keith T. Passmore ,  Timothy W. Sinor ,  Robert H. Smithson

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J9/00 ,  H01J31/507

Abstract: The present invention comprises a photon detector and image generator, which includes a photocathode that receives photons from an image. The photocathode discharges electrons in response to the received photons. A microchannel plate with an unfilmed input face and an output face receives the electrons from the photocathode and produces secondary emission electrons which are emitted from the output face. A display receives the secondary electrons and displays a representation of the image. The photon detector and image generator has a lifetime of more than 7,500 hours.

Abstract translation: 本发明包括光子检测器和图像发生器，其包括从图像接收光子的光电阴极。 光电阴极响应于所接收的光子而放电。 具有不良输入面和输出面的微通道板从光电阴极接收电子并产生从输出面发射的二次发射电子。 显示器接收二次电子并显示图像的表示。 光子检测器和图像发生器的寿命超过7500小时。

公开(公告)号：US06300709B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

申请号：US09536723

申请日：2000-03-28

Applicant: Nelson Christopher DeVoe ,  Thomas Theodore Mabry

Inventor： Nelson Christopher DeVoe ,  Thomas Theodore Mabry

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J9/125 ,  C03B37/01214 ,  C03B37/0124 ,  C03B37/028 ,  C03B2203/40 ,  H01J43/246

Abstract: There is disclosed a three draw technique for drawing optical fibers into various cross-sectional shapes. The process employs a glass tube and rod which are fed into a heated furnace. The viscosity of the glass decreases and the glass flows. The glass is pulled or drawn out of the furnace at a different rate than it is fed into the furnace. The resultant drawn fibers are stacked and the process is repeated two more times. By employing three drawing steps one can achieve extremely small fiber faces. The final draw step uses a hexagonal cross-section preform and fibers. From the first drawn fibers three geometrical shapes can be assembled and finally drawn into hexagonal shapes with round fibers which are triangles, rhombohedrials and half hex or trapezoidal shapes. These shapes maintain the hexagonal closely packed space providing the highest density per cross-section. With this high density there is less glass flowing to fill voids thereby reducing distortion within the fabricated MCP. The final reduction ratio of the starting material to the finished device is the product of each reduction ratio of the individual draw steps.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于将光纤拉成各种截面形状的三次拉丝技术。 该方法采用进料到加热炉中的玻璃管和棒。 玻璃的粘度降低，玻璃流动。 将玻璃以与进料炉不同的速率从炉中拉出或拉出。 将所得拉伸纤维堆叠，并重复该过程两次。 通过采用三个拉伸步骤，可以实现非常小的纤维面。 最终的拉伸步骤使用六边形横截面预成型件和纤维。 从第一个拉伸的纤维，三个几何形状可以组装，最后拉成六角形，圆形纤维是三角形，菱形和半六角形或梯形形状。 这些形状保持六边形紧密堆积的空间，每个横截面提供最高的密度。 利用这种高密度，玻璃流动更少以填充空隙，从而减少制造的MCP内的变形。 起始材料与成品装置的最终还原率是单个拉伸步骤的每个减速比的乘积。

公开(公告)号：US06828729B1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-07

申请号：US09809090

申请日：2001-03-16

Applicant: Kevin G. Owens ,  Richard C. King ,  Bruce Laprade

Inventor： Kevin G. Owens ,  Richard C. King ,  Bruce Laprade

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J49/025 ,  H01J43/246 ,  H01J2237/24435

Abstract: A replaceable, electronically-isolated, MCP-based spectrometer detector cartridge with enhanced sensitivity is disclosed. A coating on the MCP that enhances the secondary electron emissivity characteristics of the MCP is selected from aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), tin oxide (SnO2), quartz (SiO2), barium fluoride (BaF2), rubidium tin (Rb3Sn), beryllium oxide (BeO), diamond and combinations thereof A mass detector is electro-optically isolated the from a charge collector with a method of detecting a particle including accelerating the particle with a voltage, converting the particle into a multiplicity of electrons and converting the multiplicity of electrons into a multiplicity of photons. The photons then are converted back into electrons which are summed into a charge pulse. A detector also is provided.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有增强灵敏度的可替换的电子隔离的基于MCP的光谱仪检测器盒。 增加MCP的二次电子发射率特性的MCP上的涂层选自氧化铝（Al 2 O 3），氧化镁（MgO），氧化锡（SnO 2），石英（SiO 2），氟化钡（BaF 2），铷锡 Rb 3 Sn），氧化铍（BeO），金刚石及其组合将质子检测器与电荷收集器进行电光学隔离，该方法包括检测包括用电压加速该颗粒的颗粒的方法，将颗粒转化为多个电子， 将多个电子转换成多个光子。 然后将光子转换成电子，这些电子被加到电荷脉冲中。 还提供检测器。

公开(公告)号：US06650050B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-18

申请号：US09937077

申请日：2001-09-21

Applicant: Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Hideki Shimoi

Inventor： Hiroyuki Kyushima ,  Hideki Shimoi

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J43/22

Abstract: In a photomultiplier tube 1, an etching technique is used to form electron multiplying holes 8a in plate-shaped dynodes 8 that are stacked in multiple layers. To perform this etching process, a pattern frame 22 is disposed around a plate-shaped dynode substrate 20. A bridge portion 23 is provided for connecting the pattern frame 22 to an edges 20a of the dynode substrate 20. The dynode substrate 20 is masked, and the etching process is performed to form a plurality of electron multiplying holes 8a in the dynode substrate 20. Subsequently, the bridge portion 23 is cut near the dynode substrate 20, leaving a small bridge remainder 8c on the edge 8b of the dynode 8. In order to suppress noise generated by these bridge remainders, the bridge remainders 8c on neighboring dynodes 8 are arranged in positions such that straight lines parallel to the dynode stacking direction and passing through the bridge remainder 8c do not overlap each other, thereby further improving the basic characteristics of the photomultiplier tube 1.

Abstract translation: 在光电倍增管1中，使用蚀刻技术来形成层叠多层的板状倍增极8中的电子倍增孔8a。 为了进行该蚀刻处理，在平板状的倍增电极基板20的周围配置有图案框22.设置有用于将图案框架22与倍增电极基板20的边缘20a连接的桥接部23.多极基板20被遮蔽， 并且执行蚀刻处理以在倍增电极基板20中形成多个电子倍增孔8a。接着，在倍增电极基板20附近切割桥接部分23，在倍增极8的边缘8b上留下小的桥接余数8c。 为了抑制由这些桥接电路产生的噪声，相邻的倍增电极8上的桥接电极8c被布置成使得平行于倍增极堆叠方向并且通过桥接余数8c的直线彼此不重叠的位置，从而进一步改善 光电倍增管1的基本特性。

公开(公告)号：US06262521B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US09171320

申请日：1998-11-13

Applicant: Richard Lundin ,  Hans Lauche

Inventor： Richard Lundin ,  Hans Lauche

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J43/04 ,  H01J43/24

Abstract: A particle and photon detector includes a body having a beam-incident surface (8) capable of releasing secondary electrons in numbers proportional to the number of particles incident on the surface, and a plurality of secondary electron multiplier channels (4) whose inlet openings are disposed in the beam-incident surface, therewith to amplify the number of secondary electrons. A center channel (2) extends from the beam-incident surface (8) through the detector body and enables a beam of particles or photons to pass through the body. The inlet openings of the secondary electron multipliers are conveniently disposed in the beam-incident surface in a ring around the center channel for receiving secondary electrons. The method applied in the detection of charged particles, such as ions and electrons, in a beam that contains charged and charge-free particles comprises the steps of subjecting the charged particles to the effect of an electric field so as to collect the charged particles in an outer tubular layer or beam which surrounds the residual beam of charge-free particles, such as to form two mutually, coaxial beams, wherein the outer tubular particle beam is captured by a plurality of secondary electron multipliers and wherein signals delivered by the electron multipliers are read-off.

Abstract translation: 粒子和光子检测器包括具有能够释放与入射在表面上的粒子数目成比例的数量的二次电子的束入射表面（8）的主体和多个入口开口为 设置在光束入射表面中，从而放大二次电子的数量。 中心通道（2）从光束入射表面（8）延伸穿过检测器主体并且使得一束粒子或光子能够穿过身体。 二次电子倍增器的入口开口方便地设置在围绕中心通道的环中的束入射表面中，用于接收二次电子。 在包含带电和无电荷粒子的光束中用于检测带电粒子（例如离子和电子）的方法包括以下步骤：使带电粒子受到电场的影响，以便将带电粒子收集在 围绕剩余的无电荷粒子束的外部管状层或光束，例如形成两个相互同轴的光束，其中外部管状粒子束被多个二次电子倍增器俘获，并且其中由电子倍增器传送的信号 被读取。

公开(公告)号：US06215232B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US09444945

申请日：1999-11-22

Applicant: Charles Bruce Johnson ,  Robert L. Pierle ,  Po-Ping Lin

Inventor： Charles Bruce Johnson ,  Robert L. Pierle ,  Po-Ping Lin

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J43/246 ,  H01J2231/5016

Abstract: Microchannel plates are provided having an array of multiple channel electron multipliers for use in night vision devices, image intensifier tubes, photomultiplier tubes, and other such devices with improved gain, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and better resolution. The microchannel plates disclosed herein utilize a bulk-conductivity substrate material, and provide features for improving secondary electron-emissivity of the material.

Abstract translation: 提供具有多通道电子倍增器阵列的微通道板，用于夜视装置，图像增强管，光电倍增管以及具有改善的增益，更高的信噪比和更好的分辨率的其它这样的装置。 本文公开的微通道板利用体导电性衬底材料，并且提供用于改善材料的二次电子发射率的特征。

公开(公告)号：US06836059B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-28

申请号：US10396906

申请日：2003-03-25

Applicant: Arlynn Walter Smith

Inventor： Arlynn Walter Smith

IPC: H01J4300

CPC classification number: H01J43/10 ,  H01J1/32 ,  H01J31/506

Abstract: An image intensifier and electron multiplier therefor is disclosed. Photons of an image impinge a photo-cathode that converts the photons to electrons. An electron multiplier multiplies the electrons from the photo-cathode to create an increased number of electrons. A sensor captures the increased number of electrons to produce an intensified image. The electron multiplier is an electron bombarded device (EBD) containing a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure has an input surface for receiving electrons and an emission surface for passing an increased number of electrons. The semiconductor structure is doped to direct the flow of electrons through the semiconductor structure to an emission area on the emission surface.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种图像增强器及其电子倍增器。 图像的光子撞击将光子转换成电子的光阴极。 电子倍增器将来自光阴极的电子乘以产生增加数量的电子。 传感器捕获增加的电子数以产生增强的图像。 电子倍增器是含有半导体结构的电子轰击装置（EBD）。 半导体结构具有用于接收电子的输入表面和用于通过增加数量的电子的发射表面。 半导体结构被掺杂以将电子流通过半导体结构引导到发射表面上的发射区域。