公开(公告)号：US06954512B1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-11

申请号：US10198667

申请日：2002-07-17

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G01T3/08 ,  G21H1/00

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The flat embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a chamber, a group of detectors each having an absorber layer, with each detector separated by gaps and arranged in an egg-crate-like structure within the chamber. Each absorber layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer.

摘要翻译： 中子谱仪由堆叠在吸收层上的固体检测器覆盖的一系列基底提供。 多达12个将中子转化为质子的基底被一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收剂，探测器放置在该层内，以计算通过吸收层的质子。 通过使用12个探测器，覆盖了中子能量范围。 中子谱仪的扁平实施例是一个室，一组检测器，每个检测器都具有吸收层，每个检测器由间隙分隔并且在室内以蛋壳状结构排列。 每个吸收层根据光谱中的中子的最小和最大能量构造不同的厚度。 在该布置中，12个表面小面中的每一个提供聚乙烯基底，以将中子转化为质子，由质子吸收材料层覆盖，其中检测器堆叠在吸收层上以计数通过吸收层的质子 。

公开(公告)号：US06928130B1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-09

申请号：US10234873

申请日：2002-09-04

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G01T3/08 ,  G21H1/00

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer for aircraft is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The preferred dodecahedron embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a solid, polyethylene dodecahedron assembly with 12 surface facets covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer composed of tantalum. Each absorbing layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface pentagon-shaped facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. The dodecahedron assembly is housed concentrically within a titanium spherical shell that serves as an outer shield. The dodecahedron embodiment is sufficiently lightweight to be suitable for airborne and satellite applications.

摘要翻译： 用于飞机的中子谱仪由堆叠在吸收层上的固态检测器覆盖的一系列基底提供。 多达12个将中子转化为质子的基底被一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收剂，探测器放置在该层内，以计算通过吸收层的质子。 通过使用12个探测器，覆盖了中子能量范围。 中子谱仪的优选十二面体实施例是一种固体的聚乙烯十二面体组件，其具有由固体状态检测器覆盖的12个表面面，该固体检测器堆叠在由钽构成的吸收层上。 每个吸收层根据光谱中的中子的最小和最大能量构造不同的厚度。 在这种布置中，12个表面五边形面中的每一个提供聚乙烯基底，以将中子转换成质子，由一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收体，检测器堆叠在吸收层上，以计数通过的质子 吸收层。 十二面体组件同心地容纳在用作外护罩的钛球壳内。 十二面体的实施例足够轻便，适用于机载和卫星应用。

公开(公告)号：US06765978B1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10206934

申请日：2002-07-22

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G21H100

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The flat embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a chamber, a group of detectors each having an absorber layer, with each detector separated by gaps and arranged in an egg-crate-like structure within the chamber. Each absorber layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer.

摘要翻译： 中子谱仪由堆叠在吸收层上的固体检测器覆盖的一系列基底提供。 多达12个将中子转化为质子的基底被一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收剂，探测器放置在该层内，以计算通过吸收层的质子。 通过使用12个探测器，覆盖了中子能量范围。 中子谱仪的扁平实施例是一个室，一组检测器，每个检测器都具有吸收层，每个检测器由间隙分隔并且在室内以蛋壳状结构排列。 每个吸收层根据光谱中的中子的最小和最大能量构造不同的厚度。 在该布置中，12个表面小面中的每一个提供聚乙烯基底，以将中子转化为质子，由质子吸收材料层覆盖，其中检测器堆叠在吸收层上以计数通过吸收层的质子 。

公开(公告)号：US06654434B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-25

申请号：US10199919

申请日：2002-07-19

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G21H100

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The flat embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a chamber, a group of detectors each having an absorber layer, with each detector separated by gaps and arranged in an egg-crate-like structure within the chamber. Each absorber layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer.

摘要翻译： 中子谱仪由堆叠在吸收层上的固体检测器覆盖的一系列基底提供。 多达12个将中子转化为质子的基底被一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收剂，探测器放置在该层内，以计算通过吸收层的质子。 通过使用12个探测器，覆盖了中子能量范围。 中子谱仪的扁平实施例是一个室，一组检测器，每个检测器都具有吸收层，每个检测器由间隙分隔并且在室内以蛋壳状结构排列。 每个吸收层根据光谱中的中子的最小和最大能量构造不同的厚度。 在该布置中，12个表面小面中的每一个提供聚乙烯基底，以将中子转化为质子，由质子吸收材料层覆盖，其中检测器堆叠在吸收层上以计数通过吸收层的质子 。

公开(公告)号：US06614867B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US10219685

申请日：2002-08-15

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G21H100

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The preferred dodecahedron embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a solid, polyethylene dodecahedron assembly with 12 surface facets covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer composed of titanium. Each absorbing layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface pentagon-shaped facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. The dodecahedron assembly is housed concentrically within a titanium spherical shell that serves as an outer shield. The dodecahedron embodiment is sufficiently lightweight to be suitable for airborne and satellite applications.

摘要翻译： 中子谱仪由堆叠在吸收层上的固体检测器覆盖的一系列基底提供。 多达12个将中子转化为质子的基底被一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收剂，探测器放置在该层内，以计算通过吸收层的质子。 通过使用12个探测器，覆盖了中子能量范围。 中子谱仪的优选十二面体实施例是固体的聚乙烯十二面体组件，其具有由固体状态检测器覆盖的12个表面面，该固体检测器堆叠在由钛构成的吸收层上。 每个吸收层根据光谱中的中子的最小和最大能量构造不同的厚度。 在这种布置中，12个表面五边形面中的每一个提供聚乙烯基底，以将中子转换成质子，由一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收体，检测器堆叠在吸收层上，以计数通过的质子 吸收层。 十二面体组件同心地容纳在用作外护罩的钛球壳内。 十二面体的实施例足够轻便，适用于机载和卫星应用。

公开(公告)号：US06594332B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US10226081

申请日：2002-08-22

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  George J. Brucker

IPC分类号： G21H100

CPC分类号： G01T3/08

摘要： A neutron spectrometer for spacecraft is provided by a series of substrates covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer. As many as 12 substrates that convert neutrons to protons are covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector placed within the layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. By using 12 detectors the range of neutron energies are covered. The preferred dodecahedron embodiment of the neutron spectrometer is a solid, polyethylene dodecahedron assembly with 12 surface facets covered by a solid-state detector stacked on an absorbing layer composed of aluminum. Each absorbing layer is constructed with a different thickness according to the minimum and maximum energies of neutrons in the spectrum. In this arrangement, each of the 12 surface pentagon-shaped facets provides a polyethylene substrate to convert neutrons to protons, covered by a layer of absorbing material, acting as a proton absorber, with the detector stacked on the absorbing layer to count protons passing through the absorbing layer. The dodecahedron assembly is housed concentrically within a titanium spherical shell that serves as an outer shield. The dodecahedron embodiment is sufficiently lightweight to be suitable for airborne and satellite applications.

摘要翻译： 用于航天器的中子谱仪由堆叠在吸收层上的固态检测器覆盖的一系列基底提供。 多达12个将中子转化为质子的基底被一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收剂，探测器放置在该层内，以计算通过吸收层的质子。 通过使用12个探测器，覆盖了中子能量范围。 中子谱仪的优选十二面体实施例是固体的聚乙烯十二面体组件，其具有由固体状态检测器覆盖的12个表面面，该固体检测器堆叠在由铝构成的吸收层上。 每个吸收层根据光谱中的中子的最小和最大能量构造不同的厚度。 在这种布置中，12个表面五边形面中的每一个提供聚乙烯基底，以将中子转换成质子，由一层吸收材料覆盖，作为质子吸收体，检测器堆叠在吸收层上，以计数通过的质子 吸收层。 十二面体组件同心地容纳在用作外护罩的钛球壳内。 十二面体的实施例足够轻便，适用于机载和卫星应用。

公开(公告)号：USH1500H

公开(公告)日：1995-11-07

申请号：US167258

申请日：1993-12-15

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg

IPC分类号： G01T1/14 ,  H01J47/04

CPC分类号： H01J47/04 ,  G01T1/14

摘要： A 20 mR (5.16 * 10.sup.-3 C/Kg) full-scale carbon fiber dosimeter that provides a direct reading of low-level Gamma and neutron exposure in real-time. To attain this, the dosimeter utilizes an enlarged ionization chamber that has a cylindrical shape with an inside diameter at least 1 inch (2.54 cm), an outside diameter at least 1.1 inches (2.794 cm), an inside height at least 0.725 inch (1.8415 cm), and an outside at least 1 inch (2.54 cm). Moreover, the inner wall of the dosimeter's ionization chamber is lined with either a predetermined hydrogenous or non-hydrogenous material having different sensitivity to gamma ray and neutron exposure.

摘要翻译： 一个20 mR（5.16 * 10-3 C / Kg）全尺寸碳纤维剂量计，可以实时提供低级伽玛和中子曝光的直接读数。 为了达到这个目的，剂量计使用一个扩大的电离室，其具有内径至少为1英寸（2.54cm），外径为至少1.1英寸（2.794cm），内部高度至少为0.725英寸（1.8415） cm），外部至少1英寸（2.54cm）。 此外，剂量计的离子化室的内壁衬有对γ射线和中子曝光具有不同灵敏度的预定氢或非氢材料。

公开(公告)号：USH1080H

公开(公告)日：1992-07-07

申请号：US611556

申请日：1990-11-13

申请人： Arnold Bard ,  Stanley Kronenberg

发明人： Arnold Bard ,  Stanley Kronenberg

IPC分类号： G02F1/07 ,  G02F1/313

CPC分类号： G02F1/3131 ,  G02F1/073 ,  G02F1/3137

摘要： The invention disclosed herein is a fiber optic switch which utilizes Kerrells to change the polarization of light passing through a pair of polarizers when an electric field is applied to the Kerr cell. The fiber optic switch is comprised of a pair of transparent polarized panels which have the same index of refraction, a pair of transparent electrodes which are electrically connected to a power source and an electric switch and which are sandwiched between the transparent polarized panels, and a layer of anisotropic material which fills the space between the electrodes.

公开(公告)号：US5053624A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-01

申请号：US553837

申请日：1990-07-18

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg

IPC分类号： G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/02

CPC分类号： G01T1/185 ,  H01J47/022 ,  Y10S250/02

摘要： A detector of ambient radon concentrations in real time comprising a housing, at least three conductive elements one of which being grounded, another being biased with respect to the other conductive elements, and at least one other conductive element being connected in series with an amplifier circuit and a counter circuit, respectively. In operation, when an energized alpha particle enters the housing, it ionizes air molecules, thus producing ions which are collected by the conductive element by virtue of the potential between that element and the other elements. The voltage pulse is amplified by the amplifier circuit and then counted.

摘要翻译： 包括壳体的环境氡浓度检测器，至少三个导电元件，其中一个接地，另一个导电元件相对于其它导电元件偏置，并且至少一个其它导电元件与放大器电路串联连接 和一个计数器电路。 在操作中，当通电的α粒子进入壳体时，其离子化空气分子，从而产生由该元件和其它元件之间的电势由导电元件收集的离子。 电压脉冲由放大器电路放大，然后计数。

公开(公告)号：US4281250A

公开(公告)日：1981-07-28

申请号：US109598

申请日：1980-01-04

申请人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  Carl R. Siebentritt ,  Harry Van Gorden

发明人： Stanley Kronenberg ,  Carl R. Siebentritt ,  Harry Van Gorden

IPC分类号： G01T1/18 ,  H01J39/29 ,  H01J39/30

CPC分类号： G01T1/18

摘要： A combined dose rate meter and charger unit therefor which does not requirehe use of batteries but on the other hand produces a charging potential by means of a piezoelectric cylinder which is struck by a manually triggered hammer mechanism. A tubular type electrometer is mounted in a portable housing which additionally includes a Geiger-Muller (GM) counter tube and electronic circuitry coupled to the electrometer for providing multi-mode operation. In one mode of operation, an RC circuit of predetermined time constant is connected to a storage capacitor which serves as a timed power source for the GM tube, providing a measurement in terms of dose rate which is indicated by the electrometer. In another mode, the electrometer indicates individual counts.

摘要翻译： 一种不需要使用电池的组合剂量率计和充电器单元，另一方面通过由手动触发的锤击机构撞击的压电圆筒产生充电电位。 管状型静电计安装在便携式外壳中，该便携式外壳还包括Geiger-Muller（GM）计数器管和耦合到静电计的电子电路，用于提供多模式操作。 在一种操作模式中，将预定时间常数的RC电路连接到作为GM管的定时电源的存储电容器，提供由静电计量表示的剂量率的测量。 在另一种模式下，静电计显示单个计数。