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公开(公告)号：US5473930A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-12
申请号：US384238
申请日：1995-02-06
CPC分类号： G01P21/00 , G01P15/0922
摘要： An acceleration sensor, which is particularly adapted for use in motor vehicles, is improved by structuring it to be readily testable, to assure reliability before installation. The acceleration sensor has a piezo element (1), which consists of at least two piezo-electric plates (2) placed on top of each other, the piezo-electrical polarization of which is oriented in opposite directions. At least two electrodes (9) are placed on each of the topside (7) and the underside (8) of the piezo element (1). For testing the sensor, the piezo element is deformed by the application of an electrical voltage to electrodes (9) of a first lateral portion (11a) of the piezo element. This deformation is detected by means of a deformation-generated voltage at the electrodes (9) of a second lateral portion (11b) of the piezo element.
摘要翻译： 特别适用于机动车辆的加速度传感器通过将其构造成易于测试而得到改进，以确保安装前的可靠性。 加速度传感器具有压电元件（1），该压电元件（1）由至少两个放置在彼此顶部的压电板（2）组成，其压电电极化方向相反。 至少两个电极（9）被放置在压电元件（1）的顶侧（7）和下侧（8）的每一个上。 为了测试传感器，压电元件通过对压电元件的第一横向部分（11a）的电极（9）施加电压而变形。 通过压电元件的第二横向部分（11b）的电极（9）处的变形产生的电压来检测该变形。
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公开(公告)号：US5351539A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-04
申请号：US839757
申请日：1992-05-26
申请人： Botho Ziegenbein , Ulrich Kippelt , Uwe Foell
发明人： Botho Ziegenbein , Ulrich Kippelt , Uwe Foell
CPC分类号： G01C9/36 , G01C9/06 , G01P15/008 , G01P15/12
摘要： A sensor is proposed which is used for detecting the acceleration and the inclination of a movable object (10), in particular a motor vehicle. A bubble level (11) is fixed on the object (10). The bubble level (11) comprises a housing (12), a liquid (16) contained in the housing (12) and a gas bubble (17) contained in the housing (12). The liquid (16) and the gas bubble (17) together completely fill the hollow chamber (15) enclosed by the housing (12), so that the gas bubble (17) is not completely enclosed by the liquid (16), but lies against the interior of the housing (12), so that the surface separating the liquid and the gas pushes against the interior of the housing (12). The gas bubble (17) is in an initial position inside the housing (12) when the acceleration and the inclination of the bubble level (11) are equal to zero or their effects are mutually canceled out. On the inside of the housing (12), within that area over which the gas bubble (17) extends in the said initial position, an electrically heatable, temperature-sensitive electrical circuit element (RS) is disposed, which is a component of an evaluation circuit, which generates an output signal (U.sub.D) which is a function of the acceleration and the inclination of the bubble level (11).
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE90 / 00862 Sec。 371日期：1992年5月26日 102（e）日期1992年5月26日PCT 1990年11月13日PCT PCT。 公开号WO90 / 08492 日期：1991年6月13日。提出了一种用于检测可移动物体（10），特别是机动车辆的加速度和倾角的传感器。 气泡水平（11）固定在物体（10）上。 气泡高度（11）包括壳体（12），容纳在壳体（12）中的液体（16）和容纳在壳体（12）中的气泡（17）。 液体（16）和气泡（17）一起完全填充由壳体（12）包围的中空室（15），使得气泡（17）不被液体（16）完全包围，而是位于 抵靠壳体（12）的内部，使得分离液体和气体的表面推动抵靠壳体（12）的内部。 当气泡水平（11）的加速度和倾斜度等于零或其效果相互抵消时，气泡（17）处于壳体（12）内的初始位置。 在壳体（12）的内部，在气泡（17）在所述初始位置延伸的区域内，设置可电加热的温度敏感电路元件（RS），其是 评估电路，其产生作为气泡水平（11）的加速度和倾斜度的函数的输出信号（UD）。
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公开(公告)号：US5186051A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-16
申请号：US656097
申请日：1991-02-27
摘要： A device for measuring a flowing air quantity is proposed which comprises a sensor element which is exposed to the flowing air, is constructed in thick-film technology and contains a heating film resistor (R.sub.H), which is arranged on an insulating substrate (10) and through which current flows, and a sensor film resistor (R.sub.S) which is likewise arranged on the insulating substrate (10), serves to sense the temperature of the heating film resistor (R.sub.H) and is a component of a bridge circuit. The heating film resistor (R.sub.H) and the sensor film resistor (R.sub.S), separated from one another by an intermediate film (13) which is a good conductor of heat but is electrically insulating, are accommodated in a bubble (11) which is made of ceramic material, in particular of glass ceramic, and is arched on the insulating substrate (10). The thin diaphragm (14) made of a ceramic material ensures effective thermal uncoupling of the film resistors (R.sub.H, R.sub.S) from the insulating substrate (10). Short response times are thereby achieved.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE89 / 00524 Sec。 371日期1991年2月27日 102（e）1991年2月27日PCT PCT 1989年8月9日PCT公布。 公开号WO90 / 02317 日本1990年3月8日提出了一种用于测量流动空气量的装置，其包括暴露于流动空气的传感器元件，以厚膜技术构成，并且包括加热膜电阻器（RH） 在绝缘基板（10）上流过电流，同时设置在绝缘基板（10）上的传感器膜电阻（RS）用于感测加热膜电阻（RH）的温度，并且是组件 的桥电路。 通过中间膜（13）彼此分离的加热膜电阻器（RH）和传感器膜电阻器（RS），它们是良好的导热体，但是是电绝缘的，被容纳在制成的气泡（11）中 的陶瓷材料，特别是玻璃陶瓷，并且在绝缘基板（10）上拱起。 由陶瓷材料制成的薄膜（14）确保薄膜电阻器（RH，RS）与绝缘衬底（10）的有效热解耦。 从而实现了较短的响应时间。
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公开(公告)号：US4879188A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-07
申请号：US213527
申请日：1988-06-30
申请人： Henner Meinhold , Botho Ziegenbein , Gunther Petri
发明人： Henner Meinhold , Botho Ziegenbein , Gunther Petri
CPC分类号： H01M2/348 , H01M10/42 , H01M2/34 , H02H7/18 , H02J7/0026 , H01M2200/10
摘要： The bypass element is connected in parallel with a single battery cell or a group of battery cells of a high-temperature storage battery including a plurality of series-connected electrochemical battery cells and is used both for balancing the charging state of undamaged battery cells and for the irreversible bypassing of destroyed cells which have failed with high impedance. The bypass element includes two series-connected semiconductor components, in particular semiconductor diodes, varistors or NTC resistances in each case having a different current/voltage characteristic or curve. In the event of potentiostatic overcharging of a battery cell, the first semiconductor component goes to low impedance so that the current flow necessary for charging further battery cells is determined only by the leakage current of the second semiconductor component. If a destroyed battery cell fails with high impedance, both semiconductor components break down and irreversibly short-circuit the cell with a low impedance.
摘要翻译： 旁路元件与包括多个串联电化学电池单体的高温蓄电池的单个电池单元或一组电池单元并联连接，并且用于平衡未损坏的电池单元的充电状态，并且用于 破坏的电池的不可逆绕过高阻抗失效。 旁路元件包括两个串联连接的半导体部件，特别是半导体二极管，在每种情况下具有不同电流/电压特性或曲线的压敏电阻或NTC电阻。 在电池单元的恒电压过充电的情况下，第一半导体元件变为低阻抗，使得仅对第二半导体元件的漏电流确定对另外的电池单体进行充电所需的电流。 如果破坏的电池单元出现高阻抗故障，则两个半导体元件都会分解，并以低阻抗不可逆地短路电池。
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公开(公告)号：US4652964A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-24
申请号：US612303
申请日：1984-05-21
申请人： Botho Ziegenbein
发明人： Botho Ziegenbein
摘要： Varistor fuse element for protecting an electric circuit against overvoltages, including a thermal fuse, a varistor combined with the thermal fuse for for tripping the thermal fuse with joulean or ohmic heat losses of the varistor, first and second conductors for supplying current to the fuse element, and first and second switch contacts each being connected to a respective one of the conductors for bridging the varistor, the contacts being closed when the thermal fuse is tripped by the varistor.
摘要翻译： 用于保护电路免受过电压的压敏电阻保险丝，包括热熔丝，与热熔丝相结合的压敏电阻，用于使热熔断器与可变电阻器的焦耳或欧姆热损失跳闸，第一和第二导体用于向保险丝元件供电 ，以及第一和第二开关触点，每个开关触点各自连接到用于桥接变阻器的导体中的相应一个，当热熔断器被压敏电阻跳闸时，触点闭合。
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公开(公告)号：US4651253A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-17
申请号：US756395
申请日：1985-07-17
申请人： Gunther F. Petri , Botho Ziegenbein
发明人： Gunther F. Petri , Botho Ziegenbein
IPC分类号： H01M2/20 , H01H79/00 , H01M2/34 , H01M6/50 , H01M10/39 , H01M10/42 , H01M10/44 , H02H7/18 , H02H1/00
CPC分类号： H01M2/348 , H01H79/00 , H01M10/4207 , H01M2/34 , H02H7/18 , H01M2200/10
摘要： A shunting element includes first and second electrical terminals for shunting an electrical component, a semiconductor component, and at least two electrically conducting parts partly formed in springs being electrically conductingly connected between the semiconductor component and one of the electrical terminals, the terminals being connected to each other with a low resistance through the electrically conducting parts when a current flows which raises the temperature in the semiconductor component to a given value.
摘要翻译： 分流元件包括用于分流电气部件的半导体部件的第一和第二电端子，以及部分地形成在弹簧中的至少两个导电部分导电地连接在半导体部件和一个电气端子之间，端子连接到 当电流流过时，彼此具有通过导电部件的低电阻，从而将半导体部件中的温度升高到给定值。
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