Abstract:
When forming sophisticated circuit elements, such as transistors, capacitors and the like, using a combination of a conventional dielectric material and a high-k dielectric material, superior performance and reliability may be achieved by forming a hafnium oxide-based high-k dielectric material on a conventional dielectric layer with a preceding surface treatment, for instance using APM at room temperature. In this manner, sophisticated transistors of superior performance and with improved uniformity of threshold voltage characteristics may be obtained, while also premature failure due to dielectric breakdown, hot carrier injection and the like may be reduced.