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21.发明申请HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION SENSOR UTILIZING CELL VOLTAGE RESULTING FROM HYDROGEN PARTIAL PRESSURE DIFFERENCE 审中-公开氢浓度传感器利用氢气部分压力差异导致的电池电压公开(公告)号：US20120040264A1
公开(公告)日：2012-02-16
申请号：US12854832
申请日：2010-08-11
CPC分类号： H01M8/04798 , H01M8/04343 , H01M8/04388 , H01M8/04402 , H01M8/04514 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04805
摘要： A hydrogen concentration sensor for measuring the hydrogen concentration in an anode sub-system of a fuel cell system. The hydrogen concentration sensor includes a membrane, a first catalyst layer on one side of the membrane and a second catalyst layer on an opposite side of the membrane where the sensor operates as a concentration cell. The first catalyst layer is exposed to fresh hydrogen for the anode side of a fuel cell stack and the second catalyst layer is exposed to an anode recirculation gas from an anode exhaust of the fuel cell stack. The voltage generated by the sensor allows the hydrogen partial pressure in the recirculation gas to be determined, from which the hydrogen concentration can be determined.
摘要翻译： 一种用于测量燃料电池系统的阳极子系统中的氢浓度的氢浓度传感器。 氢浓度传感器包括膜，膜的一侧上的第一催化剂层和在膜的相对侧上的第二催化剂层，其中传感器作为浓缩池运行。 第一催化剂层暴露于燃料电池堆的阳极侧的新鲜氢气，第二催化剂层暴露于来自燃料电池堆的阳极废气的阳极再循环气体。 由传感器产生的电压允许确定再循环气体中的氢分压，由此可以确定氢气浓度。
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22.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110178742A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-21
申请号：US12690672
申请日：2010-01-20
CPC分类号： H01M8/04552 , G01R31/362 , H01M8/04671
摘要： A method for determining a failure of a membrane in a fuel cell in a fuel cell stack. The method includes measuring the voltage of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack, calculating an average cell voltage from all of the cell voltages of the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack, and identifying a minimum cell voltage from all of the cell voltages of the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack. The method then determines an absolute delta voltage value as the difference between the average cell voltage of the fuel cells and the minimum cell voltage of the fuel cells at a plurality of sample points during the sample period. A plurality of absolute delta voltage values determined over a plurality of sample periods, filtered for low current density are used to determine whether there is a membrane failure and, by filtering for high current density, to determine whether there is an electrode failure.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定燃料电池堆中的燃料电池中的膜的故障的方法。 该方法包括测量燃料电池堆中每个燃料电池的电压，从燃料电池堆中的燃料电池的所有电池电压计算平均电池电压，以及从所有电池电压中识别最小电池电压 燃料电池堆中的燃料电池。 该方法然后将绝对增量电压值确定为在采样周期期间多个采样点处的燃料电池的平均电池电压与燃料电池的最小电池电压之差。 使用在低电流密度下滤波的多个采样周期中确定的多个绝对δ电压值来确定是否存在膜故障，并且通过对高电流密度进行滤波来确定是否存在电极故障。
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公开(公告)号：US08450020B2
公开(公告)日：2013-05-28
申请号：US13094300
申请日：2011-04-26
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04582 , G01R31/3679 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/04641 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/521 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A method for determining the health of fuel cells in a fuel cell stack. The method includes maintaining a constant flow of hydrogen to the anode side of the fuel cell stack, shutting off a flow of air to a cathode side of the fuel cell stack when a predetermined concentration of hydrogen in the anode side has been achieved, and identifying a catalyst surface area and a catalyst support surface area for catalyst layers in the fuel cell stack. The method also includes determining the total parasitic current of the fuel cell stack to determine a cross-over parasitic current and a shorting resistance of the fuel cell stack. The method further includes calculating the catalyst surface area and the catalyst support surface area of the catalyst layers and comparing the difference between the identified catalyst surface area and the calculated catalyst surface area to estimate the change in the catalyst surface area.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定燃料电池堆中的燃料电池的健康的方法。 该方法包括保持恒定的氢气流向燃料电池堆的阳极侧，当已经达到阳极侧的预定浓度的氢时，关闭到燃料电池堆的阴极侧的空气流，以及识别 催化剂表面积和催化剂载体表面积，用于燃料电池堆中的催化剂层。 该方法还包括确定燃料电池堆的总寄生电流以确定燃料电池堆的交叉寄生电流和短路电阻。 该方法还包括计算催化剂层的催化剂表面积和催化剂载体表面积，并比较所鉴定的催化剂表面积与计算的催化剂表面积之间的差异，以估计催化剂表面积的变化。
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24.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08374808B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-12
申请号：US12690672
申请日：2010-01-20
IPC分类号： G01R31/36
CPC分类号： H01M8/04552 , G01R31/362 , H01M8/04671
摘要： A method for determining a failure of a membrane in a fuel cell in a fuel cell stack. The method includes measuring the voltage of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack, calculating an average cell voltage from all of the cell voltages of the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack, and identifying a minimum cell voltage from all of the cell voltages of the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack. The method then determines an absolute delta voltage value as the difference between the average cell voltage of the fuel cells and the minimum cell voltage of the fuel cells at a plurality of sample points during the sample period. A plurality of absolute delta voltage values determined over a plurality of sample periods, filtered for low current density are used to determine whether there is a membrane failure and, by filtering for high current density, to determine whether there is an electrode failure.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定燃料电池堆中的燃料电池中的膜的故障的方法。 该方法包括测量燃料电池堆中每个燃料电池的电压，从燃料电池堆中的燃料电池的所有电池电压计算平均电池电压，以及从所有电池电压中识别最小电池电压 燃料电池堆中的燃料电池。 该方法然后将绝对增量电压值确定为在采样周期期间多个采样点处的燃料电池的平均电池电压与燃料电池的最小电池电压之差。 使用在低电流密度下滤波的多个采样周期中确定的多个绝对δ电压值来确定是否存在膜故障，并且通过对高电流密度进行滤波来确定是否存在电极故障。
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公开(公告)号：US20120276466A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-01
申请号：US13094300
申请日：2011-04-26
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04582 , G01R31/3679 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/04641 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/521 , Y02T90/32
摘要： A method for determining the health of fuel cells in a fuel cell stack. The method includes maintaining a constant flow of hydrogen to the anode side of the fuel cell stack, shutting off a flow of air to a cathode side of the fuel cell stack when a predetermined concentration of hydrogen in the anode side has been achieved, and identifying a catalyst surface area and a catalyst support surface area for catalyst layers in the fuel cell stack. The method also includes determining the total parasitic current of the fuel cell stack to determine a cross-over parasitic current and a shorting resistance of the fuel cell stack. The method further includes calculating the catalyst surface area and the catalyst support surface area of the catalyst layers and comparing the difference between the identified catalyst surface area and the calculated catalyst surface area to estimate the change in the catalyst surface area.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定燃料电池堆中的燃料电池的健康的方法。 该方法包括保持恒定的氢气流向燃料电池堆的阳极侧，当已经达到阳极侧的预定浓度的氢时，关闭到燃料电池堆的阴极侧的空气流，以及识别 催化剂表面积和催化剂载体表面积，用于燃料电池堆中的催化剂层。 该方法还包括确定燃料电池堆的总寄生电流以确定燃料电池堆的交叉寄生电流和短路电阻。 该方法还包括计算催化剂层的催化剂表面积和催化剂载体表面积，并比较所鉴定的催化剂表面积与计算的催化剂表面积之间的差异，以估计催化剂表面积的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US07993787B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-09
申请号：US11859300
申请日：2007-09-21
申请人： David A. Arthur , John P. Salvador , Seth E Lerner , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp
发明人： David A. Arthur , John P. Salvador , Seth E Lerner , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Abdullah B. Alp
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04619 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04302 , H01M8/04402 , H01M8/0441 , H01M8/04447 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/04761 , H01M8/04955 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02B90/14
摘要： A method for providing a fast and reliable start-up of a fuel cell system. The method uses a stack voltage response to a load to assess if hydrogen and oxygen are being sufficiently distributed to all of the fuel cells by coupling an auxiliary load to the fuel cell stack until a predetermined minimum cell voltage has been reached or a first predetermined time period has elapsed. The method then determines whether a minimum cell voltage has dropped to a first predetermined voltage and, if so, reduces the maximum power allowed to be below the first predetermined voltage value, determines whether the minimum cell voltage in the stack is below a second predetermined voltage, or determines whether the minimum cell voltage drop rate is greater than a predetermined voltage drop rate. If none of these conditions are met, the method returns to loading the stack with system components.
摘要翻译： 一种用于提供快速可靠的燃料电池系统启动的方法。 该方法使用对负载的堆叠电压响应来评估氢和氧是否通过将辅助负载耦合到燃料电池堆而充分地分配给所有燃料电池，直到达到预定的最小电池电压或第一预定时间 时间过去了 然后，该方法确定最小单元电压是否已经下降到第一预定电压，如果是，则将允许的最大功率减小到低于第一预定电压值，确定堆叠中的最小单元电压是否低于第二预定电压 ，或者确定最小单元电压降率是否大于预定的电压降率。 如果没有满足这些条件，则该方法返回使用系统组件加载堆栈。
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公开(公告)号：US07968240B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-28
申请号：US12014272
申请日：2008-01-15
CPC分类号： H01M8/04238 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0491
摘要： A fuel cell system is provided that includes a fuel cell stack with a plurality of fuel cells and a power converter in electrical communication with the fuel cell stack. The power converter is configured to selectively regulate a power of the fuel cell stack and short circuit the fuel cell stack, as desired. A method for starting the fuel cell stack is also described, including the steps of causing a short circuit of the fuel cell stack by placing the power converter in a short circuit mode; introducing a hydrogen to the anodes of the fuel cell stack to displace a quantity of air on the anodes; and placing the power converter in a power regulation mode. A degradation of the fuel cell stack during start-up is thereby militated against.
摘要翻译： 提供一种燃料电池系统，其包括具有多个燃料电池的燃料电池堆和与燃料电池堆电连通的电力转换器。 功率转换器被配置为根据需要选择性地调节燃料电池堆的功率并使燃料电池堆短路。 还描述了用于启动燃料电池堆的方法，包括通过将功率转换器置于短路模式来引起燃料电池堆的短路的步骤; 向燃料电池堆的阳极引入氢以置换阳极上的空气量; 并将功率转换器置于功率调节模式。 因此，在启动期间燃料电池堆的劣化因此受到阻碍。
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28.发明申请METHOD TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY OF A FUEL CELL SYSTEM USING LOW PERFORMANCE CELL DETECTION AT LOW POWER OPERATION 有权在低功耗操作下使用低性能电池检测来提高燃料电池系统可靠性的方法公开(公告)号：US20110014535A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-20
申请号：US12502961
申请日：2009-07-14
申请人： Tayoung Choi , Sriram Ganapathy , Jaehak Jung , David R. Savage , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Pamela M. Vecasey
发明人： Tayoung Choi , Sriram Ganapathy , Jaehak Jung , David R. Savage , Balasubramanian Lakshmanan , Pamela M. Vecasey
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04552 , G01R31/362 , H01M8/04358 , H01M8/04589 , H01M8/04671 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A system and method for detecting a low performing cell in a fuel cell stack using measured cell voltages. The method includes determining that the fuel cell stack is running, the stack coolant temperature is above a certain temperature and the stack current density is within a relatively low power range. The method further includes calculating the average cell voltage, and determining whether the difference between the average cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage is greater than a predetermined threshold. If the difference between the average cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage is greater than the predetermined threshold and the minimum cell voltage is less than another predetermined threshold, then the method increments a low performing cell timer. A ratio of the low performing cell timer and a system run timer is calculated to identify a low performing cell.
摘要翻译： 一种用于使用测量的电池电压来检测燃料电池堆中的低效电池的系统和方法。 该方法包括确定燃料电池堆运行，堆垛冷却剂温度高于一定温度，并且堆电流密度在相对低的功率范围内。 该方法还包括计算平均单元电压，以及确定平均单元电压和最小单元电压之间的差是否大于预定阈值。 如果平均电池电压和最小电池电压之间的差值大于预定阈值，并且最小电池电压小于另一预定阈值，则该方法增加低效率小区计时器。 计算低执行小区定时器和系统运行定时器的比率以识别低执行小区。
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29.发明申请OFF-STATE DEGRADATION PREVENTION IN A FUEL CELL WITHOUT ON-STATE LOSSES USING SELF CONTROLLED ELEMENT 审中-公开使用自控元件无状态损失的燃料电池状态降级防范公开(公告)号：US20100035090A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-11
申请号：US12187069
申请日：2008-08-06
CPC分类号： H01M8/04902 , H01M8/0202 , H01M8/04067 , H01M8/04552
摘要： A fuel cell system that employs a technique for reducing MEA degradation during system shut-down that occurs as a result of the hydrogen and air being present in the fuel cell stack flow channels. The fuel cell system includes a non-linear load element, such as a positive temperature coefficient resistor, electrically coupled to each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack. The non-linear element operates such that it has high electrical conduction at low cell voltages and low electrical conduction at high cell voltages. During system shut-down, the voltage that is generated as a result of the hydrogen and air interaction in the fuel cells that creates a low cell voltage is drawn from the fuel cell and dissipated by the element. During system operation, the fuel cell potentials are relatively high and the resistance of the element goes up so that less current flows through the element, thus reducing electrical losses.
摘要翻译： 一种燃料电池系统，其采用在系统关闭期间降低MEA降解的技术，其由于存在于燃料电池堆流道中的氢气和空气而发生。 燃料电池系统包括电气耦合到燃料电池堆中的每个燃料电池的非线性负载元件，例如正温度系数电阻器。 非线性元件工作，使得其在低电池电压下具有高电导，在高电池电压下具有低导电性。 在系统关闭期间，由燃料电池中产生低电池电压的氢气和空气相互作用产生的电压从燃料电池中抽出并被元件消散。 在系统操作期间，燃料电池电位相对较高，并且元件的电阻上升，使得较少的电流流过元件，从而减少电损耗。
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公开(公告)号：US20100003546A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-07
申请号：US12014272
申请日：2008-01-15
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04238 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0491
摘要： A fuel cell system is provided that includes a fuel cell stack with a plurality of fuel cells and a power converter in electrical communication with the fuel cell stack. The power converter is configured to selectively regulate a power of the fuel cell stack and short circuit the fuel cell stack, as desired. A method for starting the fuel cell stack is also described including the steps of causing a short circuit of the fuel cell stack by placing the power converter in a short circuit mode; introducing a hydrogen to the anodes of the fuel cell stack to displace a quantity of air on the anodes; and placing the power converter in a power regulation mode. A degradation of the fuel cell stack during start-up is thereby militated against.
摘要翻译： 提供一种燃料电池系统，其包括具有多个燃料电池的燃料电池堆和与燃料电池堆电连通的电力转换器。 功率转换器被配置为根据需要选择性地调节燃料电池堆的功率并使燃料电池堆短路。 还描述了用于起动燃料电池堆的方法，包括通过将功率转换器置于短路模式来引起燃料电池堆的短路的步骤; 向燃料电池堆的阳极引入氢以置换阳极上的空气量; 并将功率转换器置于功率调节模式。 因此，在启动期间燃料电池堆的劣化因此受到阻碍。
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