Abstract:
An arrangement for measuring frequency includes a counter unit and two multipliers connected in series with each other to the counter unit. A sensing unit senses each pulse in an unknown pulse train, the frequency of which is to be determined. The multipliers form a second pulse train, the frequency of which is proportional to the square of the content of the counter unit. The counter unit reduces its content by a predetermined amount for each pulse in the second pulse train. The sensing unit delivers a third pulse train to the counter unit, which causes the counter unit to preset its content to a predetermined maximum quantity. The content of the counter unit at the time of each pulse in the first pulse train indicates the frequency of the first pulse train.
Abstract:
An arrangement for frequency/digital conversion, particularly for digital revolution and speed measuring, includes a clock unit, a control unit, and a counter unit. The clock unit provides a pulse train with a constant frequency. A multiplying unit is provided which gives a second pulse train, the frequency of which is dependent on the product of the constant frequency and the latest maximum value of the contents of the counter unit. The contents of the counter unit are reduced by a first quantity upon each pulse of the second pulse train. Another unit is arranged to supply the control unit with a third pulse train with an unknown frequency. The control unit emits a control signal to the counter unit for each pulse in the third pulse train. The counter unit increases its contents by a second quantity at the occurrence of such control signal. The second quantity is greater than or equal to the first quantity. After each such addition, the contents of the counter unit reach a new maximum value which constitutes a digital representation of the frequency of the second pulse train.
Abstract:
Diamond grains coated with a metallic coating of a thickness of 0.5-25 microns are embedded in a synthetic resin to form a grinding material.
Abstract:
In a continuous digester which has a boiler with a rotatable bottom scraper and a chip and lye inflow at the top as well as a wash inflow into and a pulp outflow from the boiler, the concentration at the pulp outflow is measured and is used to control the rotation of the scraper so as to maintain a constant concentration of the outgoing pulp. A flow meter at the pulp outflow controls a throttle valve to regulate the outflow. The liquid in the top of the digester is measured and is used to control the devices which feed chips to the digester. Measurement of the pressure in the digester is used to control the flow of black liquor at the chip and lye inflow. The chips are fed in by a chip screw which in turn is fed by a segmental wheel, and the speeds of the chip screw and segmental wheel are maintained proportional to each other.
Abstract:
In order to prevent the occurrence of glow discharge at sharp corners and edges of core legs for transformers, reactors and the like which are formed of a plurality of sheets, tape is wound around the bundle of sheets, the tape being formed of a backing of glass fiber or the like having high mechanical strength and impregnated with an electrically semi-conducting and thermosetting material, the successive turns of tape overlapping, the winding being under high tension, the screen after heat treatment and curing being quite stiff and having good mechanical and electrical contact with the core leg along its longitudinal edges.
Abstract:
An electric arc furnace has a side wall lining with at least one portion bombarded by the arc flare from one of the furnace arcing electrodes. A magnet is positioned on the outside of this portion and ferro-magnetic particles are fed to its inside, the magnet forming a magnetic flux field traveling through this lining portion and on the latter''s inside magnetically holding the particles to form an arc flare shield protecting this portion''s inside from the arc flare. As the particles heat to their Curie point temperatures, they become non-magnetic and fall into the melt of the furnace, a supply of fresh and relatively cold particles being fed to the flux field as required to maintain the efectiveness of the arc flare shield formed by the particles. The wall thickness of this portion is reduced from its outside inwardly to form a recess in its outside and in which the magnet is positioned to reduce the distance the flux field must travel to the inside to hold the ferro-magnetic particles. Between the magnet and this thin wall portion a water cooled plate is positioned to cool the thin wall portion of the lining. In this way the travel path of the magnetic flux is reduced in length without risking possible overheating of the lining, permitting the use of a less powerful magnet construction, this being an electromagnet and requiring electric solenoids, a core or cores with pole pieces and a suitable mounting arrangement. A temperature measurement sensor is installed in the thin wall of the lining portion protected by the flare shield, and equipment is provided for controlling the feed rate of the ferro-magnetic particles which form the shield, automatically in response to the temperature measurements obtained from this sensor, this assuring maintenance of the effectiveness of the shield. The water-cooled plate internally has magnetic pole piece extensions for the pole pieces for the electromagnet core or cores and which form magnetic paths for the flux which must travel through the watercooled box.
Abstract:
For coiling a strip-formed material issuing from an extruder, a hollow drum is provided against the inner wall of which the extruded material is fed and which rotates at a speed substantially the same as the speed of the extruded material. Within the outer drum is an inner drum which is stationary or rotates independently of the outer drum. When the supply of material suddenly ceases, the material coils around the second drum without being subjected to damaging strains.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a liquid-cooled transformer winding, preferably a disc winding, of the type in which the coolant is led through cooling tubes which are arranged in the winding simultaneously with the manufacture of the winding. The cooling tubes are arranged in only some of the winding discs, called cooling discs, and these cooling discs are preferably evenly distributed within the winding.
Abstract:
A thyristor rectifier for high voltages includes a number of seriesconnected thyristors each of which has a control device. A control circuit for the whole rectifier includes a control pulse transmitter and a signal emitter for each thyristor which emits an indicating signal when the voltage in the conducting direction of the relevant thyristor reaches a predetermined value. The control circuit includes an input circuit to which signals for ignition of the whole thyristor rectifier are connected. The signal emitters and input circuit are connected to an AND-gate. The different signal emitters are connected to the AND-gate by an OR-gate. The OR-gate is connected to the AND-gate by a flip-flop and the output side of the AND-gate is connected to the flip-flop in such a way that a signal from the OR-gate energizes the flipflop while a signal from the AND-gate switches it off.