Abstract:
Polarization monitoring and control in a lightwave communication system is achieved by using an in-line polarimeter in conjunction with a polarization controller. The devices are readily compact, accurate and therefore capable of implementation in a variety of system applications. In one embodiment, a polarimeter and controller can be coupled together by a feedback loop between the polarimeter output and the controller input to provide “active polarization control” (APC).
Abstract:
Stability of a pump laser for activating an erbium amplifier is enhanced by a grating which results in laser operation in the coherence collapse regime.
Abstract:
An apparatus for exposing an article to radiant energy has a rotating carousel having an article support in a support sector defined between a first energy-blocking feature of the rotating carousel and a second energy-blocking feature of the rotating carousel. An actuator is energizable to rotate the carousel and to revolve the article support along a circular transport path. An enclosure has a stationary hood that defines an enclosed sector of the transport path and an unenclosed sector of the transport path. There is at least a first radiant energy source energizable to direct the radiant exposure energy toward the carousel along the enclosed sector of the transport path.
Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to thin film optical interference filters. The filters include a substrate and a plurality of alternating material layers deposited on the substrate. When operated at about 45° angle of incidence, the filters exhibit at least one of improved polarization splitting, edge steepness, bandpass bandwidth, and blocking, relative to conventional thin film interference filters.
Abstract:
An optical element has layers formed on a substrate, including alternating first and second layers having first and second refractive indices, nL and nH that exhibit a spectral characteristic, providing, for incident light at a predetermined wavelength and directed toward the optical element within a range of angles bounded by first and second incident angles θ1 and θ2, between 0 and 80 degrees and differing by at least 1 degree, substantially linear polarization-averaged attenuation of the incident light energy wherein, for any incident angle θn between θ1 and θ2, Aθn is the corresponding polarization-averaged attenuation, and wherein the polarization-averaged attenuation at Aθn at angle θ1 is less than or equal to an optical density value of 0.2 and the polarization-averaged attenuation Aθn at angle θ2 exceeds an optical density value of 4.
Abstract:
An optical filter apparatus transmits less than 5% of light within a notch spectral range about a central line wavelength with a notch bandwidth, and transmits more than 90% of light within a transmission spectral range that extends over an adjacent pass band of longer and shorter wavelengths and excludes the notch. The apparatus has a first thin film interference filter and a second thin film interference filter in the path of incident light reflected from the first filter. The first and second thin film interference filters are each treated to transmit light of the notch spectral range and reflect light of the transmission spectral range and each have thin film layers formed on a substrate, including first layers having a first refractive index, and second layers having a higher second refractive index. The notch bandwidth at full width half transmission is less than 5% of the central line wavelength.
Abstract:
An optical filter is provided which includes a plurality of hard coating layers of alternating high and low refractive index provided on a substrate and has an associated first transmission band. The filter also includes at least one additional plurality of hard coating layers including high and low refractive index layers and Herpin equivalent layers sandwiched therebetween. The additional plurality of layers has an associated second transmission band that substantially coincides with the first transmission band, but provides additional blocking at wavelengths outside the first transmission band. Relatively wide transmission bands and high blocking over an extended range of wavelengths can be achieved such that the filter is suitable for use in multiphoton fluorescence systems.
Abstract:
An optical filter is provided which includes a plurality of hard coating layers of alternating high and low refractive index provided on a substrate and has an associated first transmission band. The filter also includes at least one additional plurality of hard coating layers including high and low refractive index layers and Herpin equivalent layers sandwiched therebetween. The additional plurality of layers has an associated second transmission band that substantially coincides with the first transmission band, but provides additional blocking at wavelengths outside the first transmission band. Relatively wide transmission bands and high blocking over an extended range of wavelengths can be achieved such that the filter is suitable for use in multiphoton fluorescence systems.
Abstract:
An optical filter is provided which includes a plurality of hard coating layers of alternating high and low refractive index provided on a substrate and has an associated first transmission band. The filter also includes at least one additional plurality of hard coating layers including high and low refractive index layers and Herpin equivalent layers sandwiched therebetween. The additional plurality of layers has an associated second transmission band that substantially coincides with the first transmission band, but provides additional blocking at wavelengths outside the first transmission band. Relatively wide transmission bands and high blocking over an extended range of wavelengths can be achieved such that the filter is suitable for use in multiphoton fluorescence systems.
Abstract:
High performance optical edge and laser-line filters and methods of making the same are disclosed. The optical edge filters have an edge steepness greater than about 0.8% as measured by dividing (a) the edge width from the 50% transmission wavelength to the optical density 6 (“OD6”) wavelength by (b) the 50% transmission wavelength. The optical edge filters also have an average transmission above about 95%. The laser-line filters have an extremely high transmission in the passband (greater than 90%), an extremely narrow transmission bandwidth, and achieve blocking with an optical density (OD) greater than 5 at wavelengths that differ from the laser wavelength by less than 1% of the laser wavelength. The methods for making such filters accurately determine when deposition of each layer of the filter should terminate.